Terms

Question 1

What are the 8 primary logic gates & their functions?

Answer 1

AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XNOR & BUFFER.
AND: returns 1 if both inputs are 1.
OR: returns 1 if either imput is 1.
XOR: returns 1 if only one of the inputs is 1.
NOT: negates the imput.
NAND: negates the AND gate.
NOR: Negates the or gate.
XNOR: negates the XOR gate.
BUFFER: simply passes input into output without change

Question 2

What does Base 10 notation mean?

Answer 2

It represents the decimal number system

Question 3

What is Hexadecimal?

Answer 3

A base 16 number system: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F

Question 4

Define code

Answer 4

In computer science we define codes as being a unique algorithm that represents symbols from some source alphabet through encoded strings
Essentially a mapping from one string of symbols to other symbols

Question 5

How can you identify even numbers in binary? Multiples of 4?

Answer 5

Even always ends in 0, multiples of 4 always end in 00

Question 6

How many bits are needed to represent 8? 16?

Answer 6

8 = 2^3 therefor you need 3 bits.

16=2^ therefor you need 4 bits

Question 7

What is MSB? LSB?

Answer 7

Most significant bit, Least significant bit

Question 8

What are the 9 main laws of Boolean algebra?

Answer 8

Identity
Complement
Annulment
Idempotent
Double negation
De morgans theorem
Commutative
Distributive
Absorption

Question 9

What is the identity law?

Answer 9

A + 0 = A

A . 1 = A

Question 10

What is the complement law?

Answer 10

A + NOT A = 1

A . NOT A = 0

Question 11

What is the Annulment law?

Answer 11

A + 1 = 1

A . 0 = 0

Question 12

What is the Idempotent law?

Answer 12

A . A = A

A + A = A

Question 13

What is double negation?

Answer 13

NOT NOT A = A

Question 14

What is deMorgans Theorem?

Answer 14

NOT A . NOT B = NOT (A +B)

NOT(A . B) = NOT A + NOT B

Question 15

What is the commutative law?

Answer 15

A+B = B+A

A . B = B . A

Question 16

What is the distributive law?

Answer 16

A(B+C) = AB + AC

allowing the factoring of an expression, are the same as in ordinary algebra.

Question 17

What is the absorption law?

Answer 17

A+ A . B = A
NOT A + A . B = NOT A + B
A + NOT A . B = A + B

Question 18

What is a truth table?

Answer 18

shows each possible input combination to the gate or circuit with the resultant output depending upon the combination of these input(s).

Question 19

How can you tell how many rows a TT needs based on the # of variables?

Answer 19

a truth table with x variables with have 2^x rows

Question 20

What is the Fmaj function?

Answer 20

In Boolean logic, the majority function is the Boolean function that evaluates to false when half or more arguments are false and true otherwise, i.e. the value of the function equals the value of the majority of the inputs.

Question 21

What is a MUX?

Answer 21

Multiplexer. The multiplexer, shortened to “MUX” or “MPX”, is a combinational logic circuit designed to switch one of several input lines through to a single common output line by the application of a control signal

Question 22

What is a functionally complete set?

Answer 22

A set of operators with which we can implements all possible boolean functions

Question 23

What is a decoder?

Answer 23

a binary decoder is a combinational logic circuit that converts binary information from the n coded inputs to a maximum of 2^n unique outputs

Question 24

What is an electrical relay?

Answer 24

A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals.

Question 25

What is an electromagnet?

Answer 25

Electromagnets are made of coils of wire with electricity passing through them. Moving charges create magnetic fields, so when the coils of wire in an electromagnet have an electric current passing through them, the coils behave like a magnet.

Question 26

What is a half adder?

Answer 26

A half adder is a type of adder, an electronic circuit that performs the addition of numbers. The half adder is able to add two single binary digits and provide the output plus a carry value. It has two inputs, called A and B, and two outputs S (sum) and C (carry).

Question 27

What is an algorithm?

Answer 27

a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations

Question 28

What is ASCII?

Answer 28

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It's a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices.

Question 29

What is a bit? A Byte? (bonus: nybble)

Answer 29

The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. The name is a contraction of binary digit. The bit represents a logical state with one of two possible values. A byte is a group of 8 bits Nybble is a group of 4 <3 (rarely used)

Question 30

What is positional representation?

Answer 30

A positional (numeral) system is a system for representation of numbers by an ordered set of numerals symbols (called digits) in which the value of a numeral symbol depends on its position. eg 1345 //number 3210 //index (1*base^3) + (3*base^2) + (4*base^1) + (5*base^0)

Question 31

What is a radix/base?

Answer 31

the base of a system of numeration. For decimal number system the radix is 10, hex its 16, octal its 8 etc

Question 32

What are the powers of 2 up to 15?

Answer 32

``` 2^0= 0 2^1= 2 2^2= 4 2^3= 8 2^4= 16 2^5= 32 2^6= 64 2^7= 128 2^8= 256 2^9= 512 2^10= 1024 2^11= 2048 2^12= 4096 2^13= 8192 2^14= 16384 2^15= 32768 ```

Question 33

What is a Minterm?

Answer 33

a minterm is a logical expression of n variables that employs only the complement operator and the conjunction operator. eg input / minterm ABC 001 = NOT A * NOT B * C 011 = NOT A * B * C

Question 34

What is disjunction? Conjunction?

Answer 34

``` disjunction = OR operation conjunction = AND operation ```

Question 35

What is a circuit/gates "dual"?

Answer 35

a different gate/combination of gates that creates the same output. same truth table

Question 36

How are hex numbers written?

Answer 36

Prefix: 0x Suffix: F ``` decimal / hex 10 = A 11 = B 12 = C 13 = D 14 = E 15 = F ```

Question 37

What is minterm notation?

Answer 37

F = ∑ m(2,6,7) | where the numbers in the brackets correspond with columns in a functions truth table that return a 1

Question 38

What does 'universal gate' mean?

Answer 38

A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function without need to use any other gate type. The NAND and NOR gates are universal gates

Question 39

What is Signed Magnitude representation?

Answer 39

When the MSB of a binary digit is used to represent a binary numbers sign.

Question 40

What is 1's complement notation?

Answer 40

When the MSB represents the sign of a binary AND the magnitude bits are all negated

Question 41

What is the 2's complement law?

Answer 41

MSB represents -8 (if we are using 4 bits) allowing us to represent, add and subtract FIXED WIDTH negative and positive binary numbers