terms Flashcards
Peace of Westphalia
ends 30 Years War, recognized the full territorial sovereignty of the HRE member states (they were empowered to contract treaties, provided that the emperor and the empire suffered no prejudice), Netherlands gained independence from Spain, Sweden gained control of the Baltic, France was acknowledged as the preeminent Western power, the power of the Holy Roman Emperor was broken and the German states were again able to determine the religion of their lands – LEADS TO DUTCH GOLDEN AGE (recognised as an independent nation)
Edict of Nantes
Calvinist Protestants of France (Huguenots) got substantial rights in the nation though it was still considered essentially Catholic
Peace of Augsburg
declares that the prince chooses the religion of his people (only in HRE, does NOT recognise Calvinists - can only be Lutheran or Catholic)
Diet of Worms
Martin Luther was summoned in order to renounce or reaffirm his views in response to a Papal edict of Pope Leo X
Oliver Cromwell
()
Mazarin
()
Restoration of the Stuarts in England
monarchy is BACK, took place when King Charles II returned from exile in Europe, he preceding period of the Protectorate and the civil wars came to be known as the Interregnum, bishops were restored to Parliament (established a strict Anglican orthodoxy)
Glorious Revolution
()
South Sea Bubble
in return for a loan of £7 million to finance the war against France, the House of Lords passed the South Sea Bill (allowed the South Sea Company a monopoly in trade with South America), shares immediately rose to 10 times their value, speculation ran wild and all sorts of companies were launched, then stocks crashed and people all over the country lost all of their money (catastrophic loss of wealth and land almost overnight), South Sea Company Directors were arrested and their estates forfeited, Robert Walpole took charge and sorted out this terrible financial mess, was made Chancellor of Exchequer and divided the National Debt that had been the South Sea Company into three (between the Bank of England, the Treasury and the Sinking Fund)
Peace of Paris
()
Partitions of Poland
()
Wealth of Nations (Adam Smith)
()
German Confederation
()
Congress of Vienna
()
July Revolution
()
English Reform Bills
()
English Corn Laws
()
Metternich
()
French Republics (three total)
()
Crimean War
()
Seven Weeks War
()
Franco-Prussian War
()
Berlin Congress
()
Berlin Conference
()
Boer War
()
Russo-Japansese War
()
Bloody Sunday
()
Balkan Wars (two)
()
Russian Revolution
()
Balfour Decision
()
Mussolini
()
Nuremberg Laws
()
Spanish Civil War
()
Marshall Plan
()
Apartheid (South Africa)
()
Chinese Civil War
()
NATO origins
()
Korean War
()
Berlin Wall
()
Act of Supremacy
()
William of Orange
()
St. Bartholomew’s Day
()
Dutch East India Company
()
Defenestration of Prague
()
Leviathan (Thomas Hobbes)
()
Edict of Fontainebleu
()
Pragmatic Sanction
()
Treaty of Utrecht
()
