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Question 1

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 1

ends 30 Years War, recognized the full territorial sovereignty of the HRE member states (they were empowered to contract treaties, provided that the emperor and the empire suffered no prejudice), Netherlands gained independence from Spain, Sweden gained control of the Baltic, France was acknowledged as the preeminent Western power, the power of the Holy Roman Emperor was broken and the German states were again able to determine the religion of their lands – LEADS TO DUTCH GOLDEN AGE (recognised as an independent nation)

Question 2

Edict of Nantes

Answer 2

Calvinist Protestants of France (Huguenots) got substantial rights in the nation though it was still considered essentially Catholic

Question 3

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 3

declares that the prince chooses the religion of his people (only in HRE, does NOT recognise Calvinists - can only be Lutheran or Catholic)

Question 4

Diet of Worms

Answer 4

Martin Luther was summoned in order to renounce or reaffirm his views in response to a Papal edict of Pope Leo X

Question 5

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 5

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Question 6

Mazarin

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Question 7

Restoration of the Stuarts in England

Answer 7

monarchy is BACK, took place when King Charles II returned from exile in Europe, he preceding period of the Protectorate and the civil wars came to be known as the Interregnum, bishops were restored to Parliament (established a strict Anglican orthodoxy)

Question 8

Glorious Revolution

Answer 8

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Question 9

South Sea Bubble

Answer 9

in return for a loan of £7 million to finance the war against France, the House of Lords passed the South Sea Bill (allowed the South Sea Company a monopoly in trade with South America), shares immediately rose to 10 times their value, speculation ran wild and all sorts of companies were launched, then stocks crashed and people all over the country lost all of their money (catastrophic loss of wealth and land almost overnight), South Sea Company Directors were arrested and their estates forfeited, Robert Walpole took charge and sorted out this terrible financial mess, was made Chancellor of Exchequer and divided the National Debt that had been the South Sea Company into three (between the Bank of England, the Treasury and the Sinking Fund)

Question 10

Peace of Paris

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Question 11

Partitions of Poland

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Question 12

Wealth of Nations (Adam Smith)

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Question 13

German Confederation

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Question 14

Congress of Vienna

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Question 15

July Revolution

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Question 16

English Reform Bills

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Question 17

English Corn Laws

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Question 18

Metternich

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Question 19

French Republics (three total)

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Question 20

Crimean War

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Question 21

Seven Weeks War

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Question 22

Franco-Prussian War

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Question 23

Berlin Congress

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Question 24

Berlin Conference

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Question 25

Boer War

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Question 26

Russo-Japansese War

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Question 27

Bloody Sunday

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Question 28

Balkan Wars (two)

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Question 29

Russian Revolution

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Question 30

Balfour Decision

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Question 31

Mussolini

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Question 32

Nuremberg Laws

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Question 33

Spanish Civil War

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Question 34

Marshall Plan

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Question 35

Apartheid (South Africa)

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Question 36

Chinese Civil War

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Question 37

NATO origins

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Question 38

Korean War

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Question 39

Berlin Wall

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Question 40

Act of Supremacy

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Question 41

William of Orange

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Question 42

St. Bartholomew’s Day

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Question 43

Dutch East India Company

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Question 44

Defenestration of Prague

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Question 45

Leviathan (Thomas Hobbes)

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Question 46

Edict of Fontainebleu

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Question 47

Pragmatic Sanction

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Question 48

Treaty of Utrecht

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