terms

Question 1

oncogene

Answer 1

“cancer causing gene,” derived from mutations in proto-oncogenes (normal cellular growth & differentiation)–result in aberrant growth and differentiation. they encode for onco-proteins that are devoid of important regulatory elements

Question 2

hyperplasia

Answer 2

enlargement due to an increased NUMBER of cells

Question 3

hypertrophy

Answer 3

enlargement due to and increase of the SIZE and (sometimes) number of cells

Question 4

metaplasia

Answer 4

reversible change from one type of fully mature cell to a different type of mature cell that is normally not found in tissue involved

Question 5

dysplasia

Answer 5

partially reversible change from a mature cell to a cell with abnormalities in both differentiation and maturation

Question 6

tumor supressor genes

Answer 6

regulate cell growth through interactions of their products with products of growth stimulating genes

Question 7

neoplasia/neoplasm

Answer 7

abnormal, uncontrolled growth of tissue, functioning autonomously and outside of regulation by surrounding tissues

Question 8

carcinoma-in-situ

Answer 8

premalignant lesion, sever dysplasia involving the entire thickness of an epithelial layer–not malignant because it hasn’t yet broken through the basement membrane of epithelial tissue

Question 9

anaplasia

Answer 9

cells that lack any evidence of differentiation (well differentiated cells closely resemble tissue of origin)

Question 10

invasive carcinoma

Answer 10

malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial cells that infiltrate and destroy surrounding tissue and may metastasize

Question 11

metastatic carcinoma

Answer 11

movement and implantation of malignant tumor (that arises from the skin or lining of organs) to other tissues

Question 12

adjuvant

Answer 12

immunological or pharmacological agent used in addition to other therapies–e.g., surgery used to remove tumor, the adjuvant chemo to reduce chance of reoccurrence

Question 13

neoadjuvant

Answer 13

administration of therapeutic agents before a main treatment (aims to reduce size and/or extent of cancer before radical treatment)

Question 14

remission

Answer 14

end to the signs and symptoms of cancer/tumor (nothing identifiable–still could have cancer cells growing somewhere)

Question 15

cure

Answer 15

5yr or 10yr highly reduced likelihood that a cancer will come back