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Buddhism > Terms 1 > Flashcards

Terms 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Alaya

A

The fundamental unbiased ground of mind

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2
Q

Alayavijnana

A

Arising from the ground of alaya, alayavijnana, the 8th consciousness, is the point at which subtle seeds of bias or duality begin to appear. As such, it is the root of samsara.

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3
Q

Arhat

A

A practitioner at the highest stage of attainment in the hinayana

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4
Q

Ati (Dzogchen)

A

“Great Perfection.” The ultimate teaching of the Nyingma school of Buddhism in Tibet. Ati is considered the final fruition of the vajrayana path. It is known as the great perfection because in its view the original purity of mind is always already present and needs only to be recognized.

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5
Q

Avalokiteshvara

A

The bodhisattva of compassion

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6
Q

Bardo

A

(“In-between state”) A state between the previous state of experience and a subsequent one in which experience is not bound by either. There are 6 bardos, but the term is most frequently used to designate the state between death and rebirth.

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7
Q

Bhumi

A

“Land.” Each of the 10 stages that the bodhisattva must go through to attain buddhahood.
(1) very joyful (2) stainless (3) luminous (4) radiant (5) difficult to conquer (6) face-to-face (7) far going (8) immovable (9) having good intellect (10) cloud of dharma

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8
Q

Bodhi

A

“Awake.” The path of bodhi is the means of awakening from confusion

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9
Q

Bodhicharyavatara

A

(Entering the Path of Enlightenment) by Shantideva. A major text in Mahayana Buddhism on how to realize the nature of existence, and the compassion that arises from such realization.

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10
Q

Bodhichitta

A

“Mind/heart of awakening.” Sometimes called Buddha nature, it is the awakened heart and mind inherent in all human beings. Bodhichitta is discussed in terms of absolute and relative, although these two aspects are inseparable. Ultimate/absolute bodhichitta is the Union of emptiness and compassion, the essential nature of awakened mind. Relative bodhichitta is the tenderness arising from a glimpse of ultimate bodhichitta that inspires one to train oneself to work for the benefit of others.

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11
Q

Abhidharma

A

The systematic and detailed analysis of mind, including both mental process and contents. (3rd part of Tripitaka)

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12
Q

Bodhisattva

A

“Awake Being.” A person who has completely overcome confusion and who is committed to the Mahayana path of cultivating bodhichitta, wisdom, and compassion through the practice of the 6 paramitas or transcendental virtues: generosity, discipline, patience, exertion, meditation, and knowledge. The bodhisattva takes a vow to postpone his/her own personal attainment of enlightenment in order to work for the benefit of all sentient beings.

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13
Q

Buddha

A

May refer to the principle of enlightenment or to any enlightened being, particularly Shakyamuni Buddha, the historical Buddha.

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14
Q

Crazy Wisdom

A

Absolute perceptiveness, characterized by fearlessness and bluntness, which radiates out spontaneously to whatever situation is present, fulfilling the four enlightened actions of pacifying, enriching, magnetizing, and destroying.

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15
Q

Dark Ages

A

The 5 dark ages are (1) when life becomes shorter (2) when the view is based on corruption of the teachings (3) when kleshas become more solid (4) when sentient beings become more untamable and difficult to convert to the dharma (5) when it becomes a time of sickness famine and war

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16
Q

Dharma

A

(1) teachings of truth, specifically the teachings of the Buddha, also called buddhadharma (2) phenomena in general. Lower dharma is how things work on the mundane level - e.g. How water boils. Higher dharma is the subtle understanding of the world - how mind works, how samsara perpetuates itself, how it is transcended, and so on.

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17
Q

Dharmakaya

A

“Dharma-body.” Basic unbounded openness of mind, wisdom beyond reference point

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18
Q

Dharmapala

A

“Dharma Protector.” A sudden reminder that shocks the confused practitioner awake. The dharmapalas represent basic awareness, which brings the confused practitioner back to his/her discipline.

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19
Q

Dhyana States

A

Meditative states of absorption - the experience is f the realm of the gods - which need to be transcended in order to develop wisdom. Although strictly speaking these states can be “achieved” by advanced practitioners, Trungpa Rinpoche sometimes speaks of the pejoratively and warns that they should be cut through.

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20
Q

Dön

A

A sudden attack of neurosis that seems to come from outside oneself

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21
Q

Dorje

A

A ritual scepter, symbolizing skillful means (upaya), the masculine principle, which is used in tantric practice along with the bell, symbolizing knowledge (prajna), or the feminine principle.

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22
Q

Duhkha

A

Suffering, dissatisfaction

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23
Q

Five Buddha Families

A

The five basic qualities of energy in the tantric tradition. In the mandala of enlightenment, these are 5 wisdom energies, but in the confused world of samsara, these energies arise as 5 confused emotions. [name, Buddha, wisdom, confused emotion, direction and color] (1) buddha, Vairochana, all-pervading wisdom, ignorance, center, white (2) vajra, Akshobhya, mirror like wisdom, aggression, east, blue (3) ratna (jewel), Ratnasambhava, wisdom of equanimity, pride, south, yellow (4) padma (lotus), Amitabha, discriminating awareness wisdom, passion, west, red (5) karma (action), Amoghasiddha, all accomplishing wisdom, jealousy, north, green

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24
Q

Gampopa

A

(1079-1153) the 5th major Kagyü enlightened lineage holder.

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25
Q

Garbha

A

“Essence” or “nature” e.g. Tathagatagarbha

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26
Q

Geluk

A

One of the 4 great lineages of Tibetan Buddhism, known as the reform tradition and emphasizing intellectual study and analysis

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27
Q

Hinayana

A

“Narrow way.” Narrow because it emphasizes self discipline as the essential starting point on the path. The focus of Hinayana is on individual realization through taming ones mind and on causing no harm to others. Practitioners focus on basic meditation practice and an understanding of basic Buddhist doctrines such as the four noble truths

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28
Q

Jinpa

A

Generosity. One of the six paramitas.

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29
Q

Jnana

A

“Primordial knowledge/wisdom.” The crazy activity of enlightenment, transcending all dualistic conceptualization. Ones being is spontaneously wise, without needing to seek it. Jnana is the wisdom which manifests when the mind is no longer obscured.

30
Q

Kadam

A

The Kadam lineage as founded by Dromtönpa. Their teachings place emphasis on monastic discipline and on training ones mind in bodhichitta and compassion.

31
Q

Kagyü

A

One of the 4 principle schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Known as the practice lineage because of emphasis on meditative discipline.

32
Q

Kalyanamitra

A

“Spiritual Friend.” It is said in the Hinayana one views the teacher as an elder, in the Mahayana as a spiritual friend, and in the vajrayana as a vajra master.

33
Q

Karuna

A

“Compassion.” A key principle of Mahayana Buddhism, describing the motivation and action of a bodhisattva. Compassion is said to arise from experiencing the suffering of sentient beings, including ourselves.

34
Q

Kaya

A

“Body.” In the context of the Kadam slogans, the four kayas relate to four as parts of perception. Dharmakaya is the sense of openness, nirmanakaya is clarity, sambhogakaya is the link or relationship between those two, and svabhavikakaya is the total experience.

35
Q

Kleshas

A

“Poisonous Emotions” or “defilements.” Main 3 are passion, aggression, and ignorance.

36
Q

Lojong

A

“Mind Training.” The practice of cultivating bodhichitta outlined by the Kadam slogans

37
Q

Mahakala

A

A wrathful dharmapala, or dharma protector.

38
Q

Mahamudra

A

“Great Symbol or Seal.” The central meditative transmission of the Kagyü lineage. The inherent clarity and wakefulness of mind, which is both vivid and empty.

39
Q

Mahayana

A

“Great Vehicle.” 2nd of the 3 yanas of Tibetan Buddhism, it is often called the “open path.” Mahayana presents vision based on shunyata (emptiness), compassion, and the acknowledgement of universal Buddha nature.

40
Q

Maitri

A

“Loving Kindness.” In connection with karuna (compassion), maitri refers to the process of making friends with oneself as the starting point for developing compassion for others.

41
Q

Manjushri

A

The bodhisattva of knowledge and learning. Usually depicted with a book and the sword of prajna.

42
Q

Mara

A

Difficulties and temptations encountered by practitioners of meditation.

43
Q

Nidana

A

One of the 12 “links” that form the chain of conditioned arising: (1) ignorance (2) formations or impulse (3) consciousness (4) name and form (5) the six realms of the senses (6) contact (7) sensation (8) craving (9) clinging (10) becoming (11) birth (12) old age and death

44
Q

Nirmanakaya

A

“Form-body” communication of awakened mind through form - specifically through embodiment as a human being.

45
Q

Nyingma

A

One of the 4 major schools of Tibetan Buddhism

46
Q

Paramita

A

“Transcendent” “perfection” or “gone to the other shore” The essential activities of a bodhisattva. The six paramitas are (1) generosity (2) discipline (3) patience (4) exertion (5) meditation (6) knowledge.

47
Q

Prajna

A

“Transcendent Knowledge.” Sees through the veils of dualistic confusion.

48
Q

Rudra

A

The personification of the destructive principle of ultimate ego. Rudrahood is the complete opposite of Buddhahood

49
Q

Sadhana

A

A ritual text, as well as the accompanying practice. They engage the mind through meditation, the body through gestures (mudras), and the speech through mantra recitation.

50
Q

Samadhi

A

“Meditation” or “concentration.” A state of total meditation in which the mind rests without wavering and the content of the meditation and the meditator’s mind become one.

51
Q

Samaya

A

“Sacred word” or “vow.” The vajrayana principle of commitment, whereby the student is bound completely to the discipline and to the teacher and to his/her own sanity.

52
Q

Sambhogakaya

A

“Body of enjoyment” or energy. The environment of compassion and communication linking the dharmakaya and the nirmanakaya.

53
Q

Sampannakrama

A

One of the 2 stages of vajrayana sadhana practice. Having dissolved the visualization (utpattikrama), one rests effortlessly in sampannakrama, or the completion stage of formless meditation.

54
Q

Samsara

A

The vicious cycle of confused existence. The world of suffering and struggle that is based on ego clinging, conflicting emotions, and habitual patterns. It’s root cause is ignorance of our true nature.

55
Q

Samskara

A

Generally translated as “formation” or “concept.” It is the 4th skandha and the 2nd nidana.

56
Q

Samyaksambuddha

A

Superlative for the Buddhha

57
Q

Satipatthana

A

“Setting-up of mindfulness” the practice of recollection.

58
Q

Shamatha

A

Mindfulness practice

59
Q

Shantideva

A

(685-763) Author of Bodhicharyavatara

60
Q

Shunyata

A

“Emptiness.” A completely open and unbound clarity of mind characterized by groundlessness and freedom from all conceptual frameworks.

61
Q

Skandha

A

Group, aggregate, or heap. The 5 skandhas are the 5 aggregates or psychological factors that make up what we generally understand as ego or self

62
Q

Sugatagarbha

A

Indestructible basic wakefulness, Buddha nature. Similar to tathagatagarbha, however sugatagharba emphasizes the blissful aspect and the path aspect of Buddha nature, while tathagatagarbha emphasizes the wisdom or “isness” aspect.

63
Q

Svabhavikakaya

A

“Body of self nature.” Total panoramic experience, the totality of the kayas.

64
Q

Tantra

A

“Continuity.” A synonym for vajrayana.

65
Q

Tathagata

A

“Thus gone.” An epithet for a fully realized Buddha

66
Q

Tathagatagarbha

A

Buddha nature. The enlightened basic nature of all beings.

67
Q

Tonglen

A

The practice of sending and taking, which is designed to reverse ego clinging and cultivate bodhichitta.

68
Q

Tripitaka

A

“Three baskets.” The cannon of Buddhist scriptures, which include the vinaya (origins of the Buddhist sangha and the rules of monastic discipline), the sutras (the discourses of the Buddha and his immediate disciples), and the abhidharma (a compendium of Buddhist psychology and philosophy)

69
Q

Utpattikrama

A

Visualization practice. One of the 2 stages of vajrayana sadhana practice in which one evokes awakened mind by visualizing a particular tantric deity

70
Q

Vajra

A

Adamantine or having the qualities of a diamond. Vajra is the basic indestructible nature of wisdom and enlightenment. It is also a tantric ritual scepter representing a thunderbolt.

71
Q

Vidyadhara

A

Insight holder or “crazy wisdom holder.”

72
Q

Vipashyana

A

Awareness practice.

Buddhism (1 decks)

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