Terms 1 Flashcards
respiration
combined activity of various processes that supply oxygen to all body cells and remove carbon dioxide
inspiration/inhalation
air into the lungs
expiration
air out of the lungs
diaphragm
a muscular wall that separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity. contracts and relaxes with each inspiration.expiration.
thoracic
chest
dyspnea
labored or difficult breathing.
apnea
temporary absence of breathing
orthopnea
a condition in which breathing is uncomfortable in any position except sitting erect or standing.
bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing (less than 12 breaths per minute)
tachypnea
abnormally fast breathing (more than 25 breaths per minute)
hyperpnea
increased respiratory rate or breathing that is deeper than normal
hyperventilation
increased aeration of the lungs
spirometry
measurement of the amount of air taken into and expelled from the lungs
hypoxia / anoxia
deficiency of oxygen resulting from reduced oxygen concentration in the air at high altitudes or from anemia
pneumonia / pneumonitis
inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or chemical irritants
pneumothorax
air or gas in the chest cavity
hemothorax
blood in the pleural cavity
pulmonary edema
effusion of fluid into the air spaces and tissue spaces of the lungs
effusion
escape
sinusitis
inflammation of a sinus, especially of a paranasal sinus
rhinorrhea
watery discharge from the nose
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
eustachian tube
aka auditory tube / otopharyngeal tube, extends from the middle ear to the pharynx
aphonia
absence of voice, sounds cannot be produced from the larynx, can be caused from laryngitis
dysphonia
difficulty in speaking or a weak voice. same as ‘hoarseness’ and may precede aphonia.
aphasia
the inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs. It is caused by improper functioning of the brain. absence of speech
dysphasia
speech impairment resulting from a brain lesion, there is a lack of coordination and an inability to arrange words in the proper order
laryngalia
pain of the larynx
epiglottis
lidlike structure that covers the larynx during the act of swallowing
sputum
expelled by coughing or clearing the throat
bronchoscopy
procedure that may be used for obtaining a biopsy specimen, suctioning, or for removing foreign boddies
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency and hypoxemia
asthma
paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membranes.
atelectasis
(imperfect+stretching) incomplete expansion of a lung or a portion of it, airlessness or collapse of a lung that had once been expanded.
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus or a bronchi accompanied by a secondary infection that usually involves the lower part of the lung
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
disease process that decreases the lung’s ability to perform their ventilary function. this process can result from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic asthma, or chronic bronchiolitis (aka COLD)
emphysema
chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an increase in the size of alveoli and by destructive changes in their walls, resulting in difficulty breathing
influenza
acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset, chills, headache, fever, and muscular discomfort. spreads from person to person.
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura caused by infection, injury, tumor, or a complication of certain lung diseases. characterized by pain on inspiration
pulmonary embolism (PE)
blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter such as fat, air, tumor tissue, or a blood clot
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
infectious respiratory disease spread by close contact with an infected person and caused by a coronavirus (fatality rate of 3%)
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
sudden unexpected death of an apparently normal and healthy infant that occurs during sleep and with no physical or autopsy evidence of disease
tuberculosis (TB)
infectious disease caused by the bacterium (myobacterium tuberculosis) often chronic and usually effects the lungs, although it can occur elsewhere in the body named for the small round nodules produced by the bacteria called tubercules
asphyxiation
suffocation, results in death if not corrected. may require heimlich maneuver
tracheotomy
inscission into the trachea
endotrachial intubation
insertion of an airway tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea
ventilator
machine that is used for prolonged artificial ventilation of the lungs
nasal cannula
type of oxygen mask that goes thought the nose
decongestants
eliminate or reduce swelling or congestion
antitussives
prevent or relieve coughing
antihistamines
used to treat colds and allergies
bronchodilators
agents that cause dilation of the bronchi, used in respiratory conditions such as asthma
mucolytics
destroy or dissolve mucus to help open breathing passages
lung biopsy
removal of small pieces of lung tissue for the purpose of diagnosis
pneumonectomy
(lung+excision) surgical removal of all or part of the lung
rhinoplasty
plastic surgery of the nose
thoracocentesis
surgical puncture of the chest cavity to remove fluid
