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Z: A2 English Lit/Lang > Terminology test 26/11/15 > Flashcards

Terminology test 26/11/15 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for the toolkit used to examine the way spoken and written language works

A

Linguistic framework

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2
Q

What is the term for an implied or indirect statement of meaning

A

Implicit

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3
Q

What term is used to describe the external circumstances affecting the content and form of a text (E.g. social and cultural influences, the writer’s personal history, literary traditions, stylistic conventions)

A

Contextual factors

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4
Q

Define positioning

A

The technique a writer uses to place the reader in relation to what is being said, in order to guide their reponse

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5
Q

What is the term used to describe the ideas, feelings or associations that a word suggests in addition to its primary, literal meaning

A

Connotation

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6
Q

What is the term for an everyday form of language, specific to a region or country

A

Vernacular

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7
Q

What is the term for a dramatist’s use of chronology which does not reflect real time ‘by the clock’

A

Theatrical time

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8
Q

What is the term for a drama which has broad social setting and which typically deals with social or political themes

A

Public drama

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9
Q

What is the term used to describe informal language typical of speech

A

Colloquial lexis

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10
Q

What term is used to describe a clear and unambiguous statement of meaning

A

Explicitness

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11
Q

What term is used for the names of things which have physical qualities (e.g. objects and places)

A

Concrete nouns

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12
Q

What is the term for aspects of spontaneous speech such as false starts, fillers and hesitations which indicate that it is unplanned

A

Non-fluency features

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13
Q

Define lyric

A

A short poem or song written in the first person expressing a particular emotion or sentiment

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14
Q

Define sentence forms

A

Sentences defined according to their grammatical structures: single, compound, complex

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15
Q

What is the term for the ordered arrangement of words in a sentence

A

Syntax

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16
Q

Define impersonal reigster

A

Language use which is formal in style and tone

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17
Q

What is the term for the use of non-standard English, dialect or colloquial lexis

A

Informal language

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18
Q

Define expressive language

A

A general term for language in written text which comes close to ordinary, everyday speech

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19
Q

Define semantic field

A

A group of words drawn from a particular area of experience (eg. food & colours)

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20
Q

Define deictic language

A

A term for words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there

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21
Q

What term is used to describe the omission of part of a sentence that can be understood from the context

A

Ellipsis

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22
Q

What is the term for a grammatical structure in which the subject performs the action of the verb (e.g ‘Rooney shot fiercely from twenty yards’)

A

Active voice

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23
Q

Define sub-text

A

The implied or suggested meaning of a text, as opposed to its explicit or overt meaning

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24
Q

Define public drama

A

A drama which has broad social setting and which typically deals with social or political themes

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25
Q

Define concrete nouns

A

The names of things which have physical qualities (e.g. objects and places)

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26
Q

What is the term for the names of things which have no physical qualities (e.g. happiness, fear)

A

Abstract nouns

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27
Q

Define domestic drama

A

A drama with a specific, localised setting, typically based on the family

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28
Q

Define vernacular

A

An everyday form of language, specific to a region or country

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29
Q

What term is used for the correspondence (or near correspondence) of consonant sounds in a sequence of words (e.g. tittle-tattle)

A

Consonance

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30
Q

Define extended metaphor

A

A comparison which is built up progressively in the course of a text

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31
Q

What is the term for words which stand for named characters in a text (e.g. I, me, they, them)

A

Personal pronouns

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32
Q

Define abstract nouns.

A

The names of things which have no physical qualities (e.g. happiness, fear)

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33
Q

What is the term for punctuation which follows the normal rules of grammar

A

Standard punctuation

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34
Q

Define values

A

The writer’s/speaker’s beliefs or moral stance in relation to the topic

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35
Q

What is the term for the repetition of rhetorical devices to highlight a central theme in speech or writing

A

Reiteration

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36
Q

What is the term for the circumstances in which a text is read/heard and responded to by its audience

A

Context of reception

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37
Q

Define blank verse

A

A form of unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter

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38
Q

Define psychological drama

A

A drama which explores the state of mind of a central character or a group of characters

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39
Q

Define jargon

A

Words or expressions specific to particular subjects (e.g. the law, science, religion)

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40
Q

Define external viewpoint

A

A detached and objective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text

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41
Q

Define transactional language

A

A general term to describe lexis which is mainly factual and used to convey information

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42
Q

What is the term for the use in a spoken text of pitch, volume, pace and rhythm to give emphasis

A

Prosodics

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43
Q

What is the term for language which states the fact of something and nothing else (also known as ‘denotative’ language)

A

Literal language

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44
Q

Define abstract vocabulary

A

Lexis which describes ideas, feelings or states of mind

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45
Q

What is the term for a sentence that lacks one or more of the normal clause elements (e.g. ‘Great song! Brilliant’)

A

Minor sentence

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46
Q

Define rhetorical devices

A

The linguistic techniques used to influence an audience in a spoken or written text

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47
Q

Define personal register

A

A form of language specific to an individual or character in a text

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48
Q

What is the term for the person telling the story, either the writer or a character in the story

A

Narrator

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49
Q

What term is used for language in written text which comes close to ordinary, everyday speech

A

Expressive language

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50
Q

Define explicitness

A

A clear and unambiguous statement of meaning

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51
Q

What is the term for the principal audience/readership to which a text is addressed

A

Primary audience

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52
Q

What is the term for a form of language suited to a particular situation or social context

A

Register

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53
Q

Define prosodics

A

The use in a spoken text of pitch, volume, pace and rhythm to give emphasis

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54
Q

What is the term used to describe lexis which is mainly factual and used to convey information

A

Transactional language

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55
Q

Define coherence

A

The structure of a text to give clarity and internal consistency. A coherent text is one that ‘makes sense’

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56
Q

Define stage conventions

A

Theatrical devices, e.g. the division of a play into acts and scenes, the use of a narrator, lighting and sound effects

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57
Q

Define minor sentence

A

A sentence that lacks one or more of the normal clause elements (e.g. ‘Great song! Brilliant’)

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58
Q

Define triadic structures

A

Lists of three, used for effect most typically in a formal speech (e.g. ‘this nation is proud, this nation is resourceful, this nation will not be defeated’)

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59
Q

What is the term for the implied or suggested meaning of a text, as opposed to its explicit or overt meaning

A

Sub-text

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60
Q

What is the term for clauses which function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs in complex sentences

A

Subordinate clauses

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61
Q

What is the term for a group of words drawn from a particular area of experience (eg. food & colours)

A

Semantic field

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62
Q

What is the term for a form of language specific to an individual or character in a text

A

Personal register

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63
Q

Define personal pronouns

A

Words which stand for named characters in a text (e.g. I, me, they, them)

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64
Q

Define active voice

A

A grammatical structure in which the subject performs the action of the verb (e.g ‘Rooney shot fiercely from twenty yards’)

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65
Q

What term is used to describe words used to arouse strong feelings in the reader or listener

A

Emotive language

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66
Q

Define implicit

A

An implied or indirect statement of meaning

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67
Q

Define assonance

A

The repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds in a sequence of words

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68
Q

Define theatrical time

A

A dramatist’s use of chronology which does not reflect real time ‘by the clock’

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69
Q

What is the term for a form of unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter

A

Blank verse

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70
Q

What is the term for adjectives formed by the addition of the suffix ‘-est’ or the prefix ‘most’ to existing adjectives, e.g. ‘cleverest’, ‘most beautiful’

A

Superlative adjectives

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71
Q

Define context of reception

A

The circumstances in which a text is read/heard and responded to by its audience

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72
Q

Define modifiers

A

Words which describe a noun (adjectives) or a verb (adverbs)

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73
Q

Define narrative viewpoint

A

The perspective established by the writer or narrator of a text

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74
Q

Define standard punctuation

A

Punctuation which follows the normal rules of grammar

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75
Q

What is the term for a grammatical structure in which the subject is acted upon, e.g. ‘The goalie was left helpless by Rooney’s fierce strike’

A

Passive voice

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76
Q

Define iambic pentameter

A

A poetic rhythm with 5 strong and 5 weak beats to the line (di Dum/ di Dum/ di Dum/ di Dum/ di Dum)

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77
Q

Define syntactic parallelism

A

The juxtaposition of similar grammatical structures for emphasis or contrast, e.g. ‘The time for talking has passed; the time for action is now’

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78
Q

Define consonance

A

The correspondence (or near correspondence) of consonant sounds in a sequence of words (e.g. tittle-tattle)

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79
Q

What is the term for the repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds in a sequence of words

A

Assonance

80
Q

What is the term used for lists of three, used for effect most typically in a formal speech

A

Triadic structures

81
Q

What is the term for lexis which describes ideas, feelings or states of mind

A

Abstract vocabulary

82
Q

What is the term for terminology drawn from a particular field of knowledge or interest, e.g. medicine, literature, cookery

A

Specialised lexis (also termed ‘field specific’ lexis)

83
Q

What is the term used to describe the visual aspects of a written text; the way a text looks on the page

A

Graphological features

84
Q

What is the term for a comparison which is built up progressively in the course of a text

A

Extended metaphor

85
Q

What is the term used for words or expressions specific to particular subjects (e.g. the law, science, religion)

A

Jargon

86
Q

Define social realism

A

A literary genre which presents a view of society from an objective standpoint

87
Q

Define phonological features

A

The sounds of words which combine to create meaning, e.g alliteration, assonance, consonance

88
Q

What is the term for a word whose sound imitates what it describes, e.g. buzz, pop

A

Onomatopoeia

89
Q

What is the term for the principal ideas or issues raised by the story in a narrative or drama

A

Theme

90
Q

What is the term for the juxtaposition of similar grammatical structures for emphasis or contrast, e.g. ‘The time for talking has passed; the time for action is now’

A

Syntactic parallelism

91
Q

What is the term for inexact or imperfect rhyme, where one sound is echoed by another similar sound

A

Part-rhyme

92
Q

Define context of production

A

The circumstances in which a text is produced e.g. historical, social, cultural

93
Q

What term is used to describe a drama with a specific, localised setting, typically based on the family

A

Domestic drama

94
Q

Define passive voice

A

A grammatical structure in which the subject is acted upon, e.g. ‘The goalie was left helpless by Rooney’s fierce strike’

95
Q

Define graphological features

A

The visual aspects of a written text; the way a text looks on the page

96
Q

Define viewpoint

A

The perspective of the writer or narrator in a text

97
Q

Define idioms

A

Colloquial or slang expressions

98
Q

What term is used to describe a narrative of more than one time-scale, e.g. events describing the present combined with events describing the past

A

Dual/multiple time scheme

99
Q

What is the term for auxilary verbs that indicate possibility, obligation or prediction

A

Modal verb forms

100
Q

Define formal language

A

Language with an impersonal register, incorporating standard English vocabulary and correct grammar

101
Q

Define figurative language

A

Words that are used metaphorically in order to construct a comparison

102
Q

What is the term for words that are used metaphorically in order to construct a comparison

A

Figurative language

103
Q

Define literal language

A

Language which states the fact of something and nothing else (also known as ‘denotative’ language)

104
Q

What is the term for a literary device where two sets of events are followed alternately in the course of a narrative

A

Parallel action/plot

105
Q

Define connotation

A

The ideas, feelings or associations that a word suggests in addition to its primary, literal meaning

106
Q

What is the term used for the structure of a text to give clarity and internal consistency.

A

Coherence

107
Q
A
108
Q

What is the term for describing lexis which is used imaginatively and which typically foregrounds simile and/or metaphor

A

Poetic language

109
Q

Define part-rhyme

A

Inexact or imperfect rhyme, where one sound is echoed by another similar sound

110
Q

Define subordinate clauses

A

Clauses which function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs in complex sentences

111
Q

Define genre

A

A type of writing with its own characteristic form and style

112
Q

What is the term for sentences defined according to their grammatical structures: single, compound, complex

A

Sentence forms

113
Q

What is the term for a recurring distinctive idea running through a text, such as an image or symbol, a word or a phrase, to highlight a central theme

A

Motif

114
Q

Define syntax

A

The ordered arrangement of words in a sentence

115
Q

What is the term for an individual’s unique language use in speech or writing

A

Idiolect

116
Q

Define orthography

A

Standard English spelling

117
Q

What is the term used for a set phrase used by one person to address another, reflecting the nature their relationship, e.g. ‘the right honourable gentleman’ in a formal speech, ‘Hi Amy’ in an e-mail

A

Term of address

118
Q

What is the term for a short poem or song written in the first person expressing a particular emotion or sentiment

A

Lyric

119
Q

What is the term for the sounds of words which combine to create meaning, e.g alliteration, assonance, consonance

A

Phonological features

120
Q

What is the term for theatrical devices, e.g. the division of a play into acts and scenes, the use of a narrator, lighting and sound effects

A

Stage conventions

121
Q

Define ellipsis

A

The omission of part of a sentence that can be understood from the context

122
Q

Define motif

A

A recurring distinctive idea running through a text, such as an image or symbol, a word or a phrase, to highlight a central theme

123
Q

What is the term for standard English spelling

A

Orthography

124
Q

Define persona

A

The identity adopted by the writer of a text

125
Q

What is the term for the linguistic techniques used to influence an audience in a spoken or written text

A

Rhetorical devices

126
Q

What is the term for sentences defined according to the purposes for which they are constructed: declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamatory

A

Sentence types

127
Q

Define sub-plot

A

A secondary sequence of events in a story, running parallel to the main plot

128
Q

What is the term for a literary device by which one thing is used represent something else, e.g. a concrete object like a bomb can be used to represent an abstract idea like hatred

A

Symbol

129
Q

Define superlative adjectives

A

Adjectives formed by the addition of the suffix ‘-est’ or the prefix ‘most’ to existing adjectives, e.g. ‘cleverest’, ‘most beautiful’

130
Q

What is the term for the means used by a writer to describe a character’s personal qualities

A

Characterisation (note that characterisation refers to the techniques of the writer, not to the character in question)

131
Q

What is the term for the repetition of the same initial sound in a sequence of words

A

Alliteration

132
Q

What term is used to describe the perspective of the writer or narrator in a text

A

Viewpoint

133
Q

Define narrator

A

The person telling the story, either the writer or a character in the story

134
Q

What is the term for colloquial or slang expressions

A

Idioms

135
Q

What is the term used for a type of writing with its own characteristic form and style

A

Genre

136
Q

Sentence types

A

Sentences defined according to the purposes for which they are constructed: declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamatory

137
Q

What is the term for lexis that is considered inappropriate or offensive in certain social circumstances

A

Taboo language

138
Q

Define perspective

A

The way that a writer views something; his/her point of view

139
Q

What is the term used to describe expressions from everyday speech, typically found in spontaneous conversation and in writing which reproduces this

A

Colloquialisms

140
Q

What is the term used for language with an impersonal register, incorporating standard English vocabulary and correct grammar

A

Formal language

141
Q

Define non-fluency features

A

Aspects of spontaneous speech such as false starts, fillers and hesitations which indicate that it is unplanned

142
Q

Define modal verb forms

A

Auxilary verbs that indicate possibility (‘I can do this’), obligation (‘I must do this’, ‘I should do this’) or prediction (‘I will do this’)

143
Q

Define premodification

A

The use of adjectives or adverbs in advance of the head word in a phrase, e.g. ‘That’s a lovely dress’, ‘I’m really sorry’

144
Q

What is the term for the total set of words in a language, often called the ‘vocabulary’ of a language

A

Lexis

145
Q

What is the term for the circumstances in which a text is produced e.g. historical, social, cultural

A

Context of production

146
Q

Define colloquial lexis

A

Informal language typical of speech

147
Q

What term is used to describe a detached and objective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text

A

External viewpoint

148
Q

Define polemic

A

An argued or investigative text in which the writer/speaker sets out to shape an audience’s opinion, often about a moral or political issue

149
Q

What is the term for a poem that tells a story or describes a series of events, originally sung by a strolling minstrel

A

Ballad

150
Q

Define alliteration

A

The repetition of the same initial sound in a sequence of words

151
Q

Define chronology

A

The arrangement of narrative events in order, beginning with the earliest events and moving forward in time

152
Q

Define register

A

A form of language suited to a particular situation or social context

153
Q

What is the term for a secondary sequence of events in a story, running parallel to the main plot

A

Sub-plot

154
Q

What is the term used for a poetic rhythm with 5 strong and 5 weak beats to the line

A

Iambic pentameter

155
Q

Define emotive language

A

Words used to arouse strong feelings in the reader or listener

156
Q

What is the term for the arrangement of narrative events in order, beginning with the earliest events and moving forward in time

A

Chronology

157
Q

Define linguistic framework

A

A toolkit used to examine the way spoken and written language works

158
Q

Define specialised lexis

A

Terminology drawn from a particular field of knowledge or interest, e.g. medicine, literature, cookery (also termed ‘field specific’ lexis)

159
Q

Define reiteration

A

The repetition of rhetorical devices to highlight a central theme in speech or writing

160
Q

What is the term for the identity adopted by the writer of a text

A

Persona

161
Q

Define internal viewpoint

A

An involved and subjective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text

162
Q

What is the term for a drama which explores the state of mind of a central character or a group of characters

A

Psychological drama

163
Q

What is the term for the perspective established by the writer or narrator of a text

A

Narrative viewpoint

164
Q

Define taboo language

A

Lexis that is considered inappropriate or offensive in certain social circumstances

165
Q

What is the term for the way that a writer views something; his/her point of view

A

Perspective

166
Q

Define colloquialisms

A

Expressions from everyday speech, typically found in spontaneous conversation and in writing which reproduces this

167
Q

What is the term for an argued or investigative text in which the writer/speaker sets out to shape an audience’s opinion, often about a moral or political issue

A

Polemic

168
Q

Define theme

A

The principal ideas or issues raised by the story in a narrative or drama

169
Q

Define onomatopoeia

A

A word whose sound imitates what it describes, e.g. buzz, pop

170
Q

What term is used to describe an involved and subjective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text

A

Internal viewpoint

171
Q

What is the term for punctuation which does not follow the normal rules of grammar

A

Non-standard punctuation

172
Q

Define idiolect

A

The term for an individual’s unique language use in speech or writing

173
Q

Define non-standard punctuation

A

Punctuation which does not follow the normal rules of grammar

174
Q

What is the term for the technique a writer uses to place the reader in relation to what is being said, in order to guide their reponse

A

Positioning

175
Q

Define informal language

A

The use of non-standard English, dialect or colloquial lexis

176
Q

Define parallel action/plot

A

A literary device where two sets of events are followed alternately in the course of a narrative

177
Q

Define primary audience

A

The principal audience/readership to which a text is addressed

178
Q

What term is used to describe words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there

A

Deictic language/deixis

179
Q

Define manifesto

A

A declaration of a writer’s or speaker’s beliefs, typically found in texts with a political theme

180
Q

What term is used for language which is formal in style and tone

A

Impersonal register

181
Q

Define term of address

A

A set phrase used by one person to address another, reflecting the nature their relationship, e.g. ‘the right honourable gentleman’ in a formal speech, ‘Hi Amy’ in an e-mail

182
Q

Define lexis

A

The total set of words in a language, often called the ‘vocabulary’ of a language

183
Q

What is the term for words which describe a noun (adjectives) or a verb (adverbs)

A

Modifiers

184
Q

What is the term used for the writer’s/speaker’s beliefs or moral stance in relation to the topic

A

values

185
Q

What is the term for a literary genre which presents a view of society from an objective standpoint

A

Social realism

186
Q

What is the term used for language that is deliberately exaggerated for effect, more intense than the surrounding text

A

Heightened language

187
Q

Define contextual factors

A

The external circumstances affecting the content and form of a text (E.g. social and cultural influences, the writer’s personal history, literary traditions, stylistic conventions)

188
Q

Define characterisation

A

The means used by a writer to describe a character’s personal qualities (note that characterisation refers to the techniques of the writer, not to the character in question)

189
Q

Define deictic language (deixis)

A

A term for words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there

190
Q

Define symbol

A

A literary device by which one thing is used represent something else, e.g. a concrete object like a bomb can be used to represent an abstract idea like hatred

191
Q

What is the term for a declaration of a writer’s or speaker’s beliefs, typically found in texts with a political theme

A

Manifesto

192
Q

Define poetic language

A

A general term describing lexis which is used imaginatively and which typically foregrounds simile and/or metaphor

193
Q

What is the term for the use of adjectives or adverbs in advance of the head word in a phrase, e.g. ‘That’s a lovely dress’, ‘I’m really sorry’

A

Premodification

194
Q

Define ballad

A

A poem that tells a story or describes a series of events, originally sung by a strolling minstrel

195
Q

Define dual/multiple time scheme

A

The use in a narrative of more than one time-scale, e.g. events describing the present combined with events describing the past

196
Q

Define heightened language

A

Language that is deliberately exaggerated for effect, more intense than the surrounding text

197
Q

Define deixis

A

term for words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there

Z: A2 English Lit/Lang (1 decks)

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