Terminology test 26/11/15 Flashcards
What is the term for the toolkit used to examine the way spoken and written language works
Linguistic framework
What is the term for an implied or indirect statement of meaning
Implicit
What term is used to describe the external circumstances affecting the content and form of a text (E.g. social and cultural influences, the writer’s personal history, literary traditions, stylistic conventions)
Contextual factors
Define positioning
The technique a writer uses to place the reader in relation to what is being said, in order to guide their reponse
What is the term used to describe the ideas, feelings or associations that a word suggests in addition to its primary, literal meaning
Connotation
What is the term for an everyday form of language, specific to a region or country
Vernacular
What is the term for a dramatist’s use of chronology which does not reflect real time ‘by the clock’
Theatrical time
What is the term for a drama which has broad social setting and which typically deals with social or political themes
Public drama
What is the term used to describe informal language typical of speech
Colloquial lexis
What term is used to describe a clear and unambiguous statement of meaning
Explicitness
What term is used for the names of things which have physical qualities (e.g. objects and places)
Concrete nouns
What is the term for aspects of spontaneous speech such as false starts, fillers and hesitations which indicate that it is unplanned
Non-fluency features
Define lyric
A short poem or song written in the first person expressing a particular emotion or sentiment
Define sentence forms
Sentences defined according to their grammatical structures: single, compound, complex
What is the term for the ordered arrangement of words in a sentence
Syntax
Define impersonal reigster
Language use which is formal in style and tone
What is the term for the use of non-standard English, dialect or colloquial lexis
Informal language
Define expressive language
A general term for language in written text which comes close to ordinary, everyday speech
Define semantic field
A group of words drawn from a particular area of experience (eg. food & colours)
Define deictic language
A term for words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there
What term is used to describe the omission of part of a sentence that can be understood from the context
Ellipsis
What is the term for a grammatical structure in which the subject performs the action of the verb (e.g ‘Rooney shot fiercely from twenty yards’)
Active voice
Define sub-text
The implied or suggested meaning of a text, as opposed to its explicit or overt meaning
Define public drama
A drama which has broad social setting and which typically deals with social or political themes
Define concrete nouns
The names of things which have physical qualities (e.g. objects and places)
What is the term for the names of things which have no physical qualities (e.g. happiness, fear)
Abstract nouns
Define domestic drama
A drama with a specific, localised setting, typically based on the family
Define vernacular
An everyday form of language, specific to a region or country
What term is used for the correspondence (or near correspondence) of consonant sounds in a sequence of words (e.g. tittle-tattle)
Consonance
Define extended metaphor
A comparison which is built up progressively in the course of a text
What is the term for words which stand for named characters in a text (e.g. I, me, they, them)
Personal pronouns
Define abstract nouns.
The names of things which have no physical qualities (e.g. happiness, fear)
What is the term for punctuation which follows the normal rules of grammar
Standard punctuation
Define values
The writer’s/speaker’s beliefs or moral stance in relation to the topic
What is the term for the repetition of rhetorical devices to highlight a central theme in speech or writing
Reiteration
What is the term for the circumstances in which a text is read/heard and responded to by its audience
Context of reception
Define blank verse
A form of unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter
Define psychological drama
A drama which explores the state of mind of a central character or a group of characters
Define jargon
Words or expressions specific to particular subjects (e.g. the law, science, religion)
Define external viewpoint
A detached and objective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text
Define transactional language
A general term to describe lexis which is mainly factual and used to convey information
What is the term for the use in a spoken text of pitch, volume, pace and rhythm to give emphasis
Prosodics
What is the term for language which states the fact of something and nothing else (also known as ‘denotative’ language)
Literal language
Define abstract vocabulary
Lexis which describes ideas, feelings or states of mind
What is the term for a sentence that lacks one or more of the normal clause elements (e.g. ‘Great song! Brilliant’)
Minor sentence
Define rhetorical devices
The linguistic techniques used to influence an audience in a spoken or written text
Define personal register
A form of language specific to an individual or character in a text
What is the term for the person telling the story, either the writer or a character in the story
Narrator
What term is used for language in written text which comes close to ordinary, everyday speech
Expressive language
Define explicitness
A clear and unambiguous statement of meaning
What is the term for the principal audience/readership to which a text is addressed
Primary audience
What is the term for a form of language suited to a particular situation or social context
Register
Define prosodics
The use in a spoken text of pitch, volume, pace and rhythm to give emphasis
What is the term used to describe lexis which is mainly factual and used to convey information
Transactional language
Define coherence
The structure of a text to give clarity and internal consistency. A coherent text is one that ‘makes sense’
Define stage conventions
Theatrical devices, e.g. the division of a play into acts and scenes, the use of a narrator, lighting and sound effects
Define minor sentence
A sentence that lacks one or more of the normal clause elements (e.g. ‘Great song! Brilliant’)
Define triadic structures
Lists of three, used for effect most typically in a formal speech (e.g. ‘this nation is proud, this nation is resourceful, this nation will not be defeated’)
What is the term for the implied or suggested meaning of a text, as opposed to its explicit or overt meaning
Sub-text
What is the term for clauses which function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs in complex sentences
Subordinate clauses
What is the term for a group of words drawn from a particular area of experience (eg. food & colours)
Semantic field
What is the term for a form of language specific to an individual or character in a text
Personal register
Define personal pronouns
Words which stand for named characters in a text (e.g. I, me, they, them)
Define active voice
A grammatical structure in which the subject performs the action of the verb (e.g ‘Rooney shot fiercely from twenty yards’)
What term is used to describe words used to arouse strong feelings in the reader or listener
Emotive language
Define implicit
An implied or indirect statement of meaning
Define assonance
The repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds in a sequence of words
Define theatrical time
A dramatist’s use of chronology which does not reflect real time ‘by the clock’
What is the term for a form of unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter
Blank verse
What is the term for adjectives formed by the addition of the suffix ‘-est’ or the prefix ‘most’ to existing adjectives, e.g. ‘cleverest’, ‘most beautiful’
Superlative adjectives
Define context of reception
The circumstances in which a text is read/heard and responded to by its audience
Define modifiers
Words which describe a noun (adjectives) or a verb (adverbs)
Define narrative viewpoint
The perspective established by the writer or narrator of a text
Define standard punctuation
Punctuation which follows the normal rules of grammar
What is the term for a grammatical structure in which the subject is acted upon, e.g. ‘The goalie was left helpless by Rooney’s fierce strike’
Passive voice
Define iambic pentameter
A poetic rhythm with 5 strong and 5 weak beats to the line (di Dum/ di Dum/ di Dum/ di Dum/ di Dum)
Define syntactic parallelism
The juxtaposition of similar grammatical structures for emphasis or contrast, e.g. ‘The time for talking has passed; the time for action is now’
Define consonance
The correspondence (or near correspondence) of consonant sounds in a sequence of words (e.g. tittle-tattle)
What is the term for the repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds in a sequence of words
Assonance
What is the term used for lists of three, used for effect most typically in a formal speech
Triadic structures
What is the term for lexis which describes ideas, feelings or states of mind
Abstract vocabulary
What is the term for terminology drawn from a particular field of knowledge or interest, e.g. medicine, literature, cookery
Specialised lexis (also termed ‘field specific’ lexis)
What is the term used to describe the visual aspects of a written text; the way a text looks on the page
Graphological features
What is the term for a comparison which is built up progressively in the course of a text
Extended metaphor
What is the term used for words or expressions specific to particular subjects (e.g. the law, science, religion)
Jargon
Define social realism
A literary genre which presents a view of society from an objective standpoint
Define phonological features
The sounds of words which combine to create meaning, e.g alliteration, assonance, consonance
What is the term for a word whose sound imitates what it describes, e.g. buzz, pop
Onomatopoeia
What is the term for the principal ideas or issues raised by the story in a narrative or drama
Theme
What is the term for the juxtaposition of similar grammatical structures for emphasis or contrast, e.g. ‘The time for talking has passed; the time for action is now’
Syntactic parallelism
What is the term for inexact or imperfect rhyme, where one sound is echoed by another similar sound
Part-rhyme
Define context of production
The circumstances in which a text is produced e.g. historical, social, cultural
What term is used to describe a drama with a specific, localised setting, typically based on the family
Domestic drama
Define passive voice
A grammatical structure in which the subject is acted upon, e.g. ‘The goalie was left helpless by Rooney’s fierce strike’
Define graphological features
The visual aspects of a written text; the way a text looks on the page
Define viewpoint
The perspective of the writer or narrator in a text
Define idioms
Colloquial or slang expressions
What term is used to describe a narrative of more than one time-scale, e.g. events describing the present combined with events describing the past
Dual/multiple time scheme
What is the term for auxilary verbs that indicate possibility, obligation or prediction
Modal verb forms
Define formal language
Language with an impersonal register, incorporating standard English vocabulary and correct grammar
Define figurative language
Words that are used metaphorically in order to construct a comparison
What is the term for words that are used metaphorically in order to construct a comparison
Figurative language
Define literal language
Language which states the fact of something and nothing else (also known as ‘denotative’ language)
What is the term for a literary device where two sets of events are followed alternately in the course of a narrative
Parallel action/plot
Define connotation
The ideas, feelings or associations that a word suggests in addition to its primary, literal meaning
What is the term used for the structure of a text to give clarity and internal consistency.
Coherence
What is the term for describing lexis which is used imaginatively and which typically foregrounds simile and/or metaphor
Poetic language
Define part-rhyme
Inexact or imperfect rhyme, where one sound is echoed by another similar sound
Define subordinate clauses
Clauses which function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs in complex sentences
Define genre
A type of writing with its own characteristic form and style
What is the term for sentences defined according to their grammatical structures: single, compound, complex
Sentence forms
What is the term for a recurring distinctive idea running through a text, such as an image or symbol, a word or a phrase, to highlight a central theme
Motif
Define syntax
The ordered arrangement of words in a sentence
What is the term for an individual’s unique language use in speech or writing
Idiolect
Define orthography
Standard English spelling
What is the term used for a set phrase used by one person to address another, reflecting the nature their relationship, e.g. ‘the right honourable gentleman’ in a formal speech, ‘Hi Amy’ in an e-mail
Term of address
What is the term for a short poem or song written in the first person expressing a particular emotion or sentiment
Lyric
What is the term for the sounds of words which combine to create meaning, e.g alliteration, assonance, consonance
Phonological features
What is the term for theatrical devices, e.g. the division of a play into acts and scenes, the use of a narrator, lighting and sound effects
Stage conventions
Define ellipsis
The omission of part of a sentence that can be understood from the context
Define motif
A recurring distinctive idea running through a text, such as an image or symbol, a word or a phrase, to highlight a central theme
What is the term for standard English spelling
Orthography
Define persona
The identity adopted by the writer of a text
What is the term for the linguistic techniques used to influence an audience in a spoken or written text
Rhetorical devices
What is the term for sentences defined according to the purposes for which they are constructed: declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamatory
Sentence types
Define sub-plot
A secondary sequence of events in a story, running parallel to the main plot
What is the term for a literary device by which one thing is used represent something else, e.g. a concrete object like a bomb can be used to represent an abstract idea like hatred
Symbol
Define superlative adjectives
Adjectives formed by the addition of the suffix ‘-est’ or the prefix ‘most’ to existing adjectives, e.g. ‘cleverest’, ‘most beautiful’
What is the term for the means used by a writer to describe a character’s personal qualities
Characterisation (note that characterisation refers to the techniques of the writer, not to the character in question)
What is the term for the repetition of the same initial sound in a sequence of words
Alliteration
What term is used to describe the perspective of the writer or narrator in a text
Viewpoint
Define narrator
The person telling the story, either the writer or a character in the story
What is the term for colloquial or slang expressions
Idioms
What is the term used for a type of writing with its own characteristic form and style
Genre
Sentence types
Sentences defined according to the purposes for which they are constructed: declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamatory
What is the term for lexis that is considered inappropriate or offensive in certain social circumstances
Taboo language
Define perspective
The way that a writer views something; his/her point of view
What is the term used to describe expressions from everyday speech, typically found in spontaneous conversation and in writing which reproduces this
Colloquialisms
What is the term used for language with an impersonal register, incorporating standard English vocabulary and correct grammar
Formal language
Define non-fluency features
Aspects of spontaneous speech such as false starts, fillers and hesitations which indicate that it is unplanned
Define modal verb forms
Auxilary verbs that indicate possibility (‘I can do this’), obligation (‘I must do this’, ‘I should do this’) or prediction (‘I will do this’)
Define premodification
The use of adjectives or adverbs in advance of the head word in a phrase, e.g. ‘That’s a lovely dress’, ‘I’m really sorry’
What is the term for the total set of words in a language, often called the ‘vocabulary’ of a language
Lexis
What is the term for the circumstances in which a text is produced e.g. historical, social, cultural
Context of production
Define colloquial lexis
Informal language typical of speech
What term is used to describe a detached and objective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text
External viewpoint
Define polemic
An argued or investigative text in which the writer/speaker sets out to shape an audience’s opinion, often about a moral or political issue
What is the term for a poem that tells a story or describes a series of events, originally sung by a strolling minstrel
Ballad
Define alliteration
The repetition of the same initial sound in a sequence of words
Define chronology
The arrangement of narrative events in order, beginning with the earliest events and moving forward in time
Define register
A form of language suited to a particular situation or social context
What is the term for a secondary sequence of events in a story, running parallel to the main plot
Sub-plot
What is the term used for a poetic rhythm with 5 strong and 5 weak beats to the line
Iambic pentameter
Define emotive language
Words used to arouse strong feelings in the reader or listener
What is the term for the arrangement of narrative events in order, beginning with the earliest events and moving forward in time
Chronology
Define linguistic framework
A toolkit used to examine the way spoken and written language works
Define specialised lexis
Terminology drawn from a particular field of knowledge or interest, e.g. medicine, literature, cookery (also termed ‘field specific’ lexis)
Define reiteration
The repetition of rhetorical devices to highlight a central theme in speech or writing
What is the term for the identity adopted by the writer of a text
Persona
Define internal viewpoint
An involved and subjective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text
What is the term for a drama which explores the state of mind of a central character or a group of characters
Psychological drama
What is the term for the perspective established by the writer or narrator of a text
Narrative viewpoint
Define taboo language
Lexis that is considered inappropriate or offensive in certain social circumstances
What is the term for the way that a writer views something; his/her point of view
Perspective
Define colloquialisms
Expressions from everyday speech, typically found in spontaneous conversation and in writing which reproduces this
What is the term for an argued or investigative text in which the writer/speaker sets out to shape an audience’s opinion, often about a moral or political issue
Polemic
Define theme
The principal ideas or issues raised by the story in a narrative or drama
Define onomatopoeia
A word whose sound imitates what it describes, e.g. buzz, pop
What term is used to describe an involved and subjective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text
Internal viewpoint
What is the term for punctuation which does not follow the normal rules of grammar
Non-standard punctuation
Define idiolect
The term for an individual’s unique language use in speech or writing
Define non-standard punctuation
Punctuation which does not follow the normal rules of grammar
What is the term for the technique a writer uses to place the reader in relation to what is being said, in order to guide their reponse
Positioning
Define informal language
The use of non-standard English, dialect or colloquial lexis
Define parallel action/plot
A literary device where two sets of events are followed alternately in the course of a narrative
Define primary audience
The principal audience/readership to which a text is addressed
What term is used to describe words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there
Deictic language/deixis
Define manifesto
A declaration of a writer’s or speaker’s beliefs, typically found in texts with a political theme
What term is used for language which is formal in style and tone
Impersonal register
Define term of address
A set phrase used by one person to address another, reflecting the nature their relationship, e.g. ‘the right honourable gentleman’ in a formal speech, ‘Hi Amy’ in an e-mail
Define lexis
The total set of words in a language, often called the ‘vocabulary’ of a language
What is the term for words which describe a noun (adjectives) or a verb (adverbs)
Modifiers
What is the term used for the writer’s/speaker’s beliefs or moral stance in relation to the topic
values
What is the term for a literary genre which presents a view of society from an objective standpoint
Social realism
What is the term used for language that is deliberately exaggerated for effect, more intense than the surrounding text
Heightened language
Define contextual factors
The external circumstances affecting the content and form of a text (E.g. social and cultural influences, the writer’s personal history, literary traditions, stylistic conventions)
Define characterisation
The means used by a writer to describe a character’s personal qualities (note that characterisation refers to the techniques of the writer, not to the character in question)
Define deictic language (deixis)
A term for words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there
Define symbol
A literary device by which one thing is used represent something else, e.g. a concrete object like a bomb can be used to represent an abstract idea like hatred
What is the term for a declaration of a writer’s or speaker’s beliefs, typically found in texts with a political theme
Manifesto
Define poetic language
A general term describing lexis which is used imaginatively and which typically foregrounds simile and/or metaphor
What is the term for the use of adjectives or adverbs in advance of the head word in a phrase, e.g. ‘That’s a lovely dress’, ‘I’m really sorry’
Premodification
Define ballad
A poem that tells a story or describes a series of events, originally sung by a strolling minstrel
Define dual/multiple time scheme
The use in a narrative of more than one time-scale, e.g. events describing the present combined with events describing the past
Define heightened language
Language that is deliberately exaggerated for effect, more intense than the surrounding text
Define deixis
term for words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there
