Terminology test 26/11/15 Flashcards
(197 cards)
1
Q
What is the term for the toolkit used to examine the way spoken and written language works
A
Linguistic framework
2
Q
What is the term for an implied or indirect statement of meaning
A
Implicit
3
Q
What term is used to describe the external circumstances affecting the content and form of a text (E.g. social and cultural influences, the writer’s personal history, literary traditions, stylistic conventions)
A
Contextual factors
4
Q
Define positioning
A
The technique a writer uses to place the reader in relation to what is being said, in order to guide their reponse
5
Q
What is the term used to describe the ideas, feelings or associations that a word suggests in addition to its primary, literal meaning
A
Connotation
6
Q
What is the term for an everyday form of language, specific to a region or country
A
Vernacular
7
Q
What is the term for a dramatist’s use of chronology which does not reflect real time ‘by the clock’
A
Theatrical time
8
Q
What is the term for a drama which has broad social setting and which typically deals with social or political themes
A
Public drama
9
Q
What is the term used to describe informal language typical of speech
A
Colloquial lexis
10
Q
What term is used to describe a clear and unambiguous statement of meaning
A
Explicitness
11
Q
What term is used for the names of things which have physical qualities (e.g. objects and places)
A
Concrete nouns
12
Q
What is the term for aspects of spontaneous speech such as false starts, fillers and hesitations which indicate that it is unplanned
A
Non-fluency features
13
Q
Define lyric
A
A short poem or song written in the first person expressing a particular emotion or sentiment
14
Q
Define sentence forms
A
Sentences defined according to their grammatical structures: single, compound, complex
15
Q
What is the term for the ordered arrangement of words in a sentence
A
Syntax
16
Q
Define impersonal reigster
A
Language use which is formal in style and tone
17
Q
What is the term for the use of non-standard English, dialect or colloquial lexis
A
Informal language
18
Q
Define expressive language
A
A general term for language in written text which comes close to ordinary, everyday speech
19
Q
Define semantic field
A
A group of words drawn from a particular area of experience (eg. food & colours)
20
Q
Define deictic language
A
A term for words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there
21
Q
What term is used to describe the omission of part of a sentence that can be understood from the context
A
Ellipsis
22
Q
What is the term for a grammatical structure in which the subject performs the action of the verb (e.g ‘Rooney shot fiercely from twenty yards’)
A
Active voice
23
Q
Define sub-text
A
The implied or suggested meaning of a text, as opposed to its explicit or overt meaning
24
Q
Define public drama
A
A drama which has broad social setting and which typically deals with social or political themes
25
Define concrete nouns
The names of things which have physical qualities (e.g. objects and places)
26
What is the term for the names of things which have no physical qualities (e.g. happiness, fear)
Abstract nouns
27
Define domestic drama
A drama with a specific, localised setting, typically based on the family
28
Define vernacular
An everyday form of language, specific to a region or country
29
What term is used for the correspondence (or near correspondence) of consonant sounds in a sequence of words (e.g. tittle-tattle)
Consonance
30
Define extended metaphor
A comparison which is built up progressively in the course of a text
31
What is the term for words which stand for named characters in a text (e.g. I, me, they, them)
Personal pronouns
32
Define abstract nouns.
The names of things which have no physical qualities (e.g. happiness, fear)
33
What is the term for punctuation which follows the normal rules of grammar
Standard punctuation
34
Define values
The writer's/speaker's beliefs or moral stance in relation to the topic
35
What is the term for the repetition of rhetorical devices to highlight a central theme in speech or writing
Reiteration
36
What is the term for the circumstances in which a text is read/heard and responded to by its audience
Context of reception
37
Define blank verse
A form of unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter
38
Define psychological drama
A drama which explores the state of mind of a central character or a group of characters
39
Define jargon
Words or expressions specific to particular subjects (e.g. the law, science, religion)
40
Define external viewpoint
A detached and objective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text
41
Define transactional language
A general term to describe lexis which is mainly factual and used to convey information
42
What is the term for the use in a spoken text of pitch, volume, pace and rhythm to give emphasis
Prosodics
43
What is the term for language which states the fact of something and nothing else (also known as 'denotative' language)
Literal language
44
Define abstract vocabulary
Lexis which describes ideas, feelings or states of mind
45
What is the term for a sentence that lacks one or more of the normal clause elements (e.g. 'Great song! Brilliant')
Minor sentence
46
Define rhetorical devices
The linguistic techniques used to influence an audience in a spoken or written text
47
Define personal register
A form of language specific to an individual or character in a text
48
What is the term for the person telling the story, either the writer or a character in the story
Narrator
49
What term is used for language in written text which comes close to ordinary, everyday speech
Expressive language
50
Define explicitness
A clear and unambiguous statement of meaning
51
What is the term for the principal audience/readership to which a text is addressed
Primary audience
52
What is the term for a form of language suited to a particular situation or social context
Register
53
Define prosodics
The use in a spoken text of pitch, volume, pace and rhythm to give emphasis
54
What is the term used to describe lexis which is mainly factual and used to convey information
Transactional language
55
Define coherence
The structure of a text to give clarity and internal consistency. A coherent text is one that 'makes sense'
56
Define stage conventions
Theatrical devices, e.g. the division of a play into acts and scenes, the use of a narrator, lighting and sound effects
57
Define minor sentence
A sentence that lacks one or more of the normal clause elements (e.g. 'Great song! Brilliant')
58
Define triadic structures
Lists of three, used for effect most typically in a formal speech (e.g. 'this nation is proud, this nation is resourceful, this nation will not be defeated')
59
What is the term for the implied or suggested meaning of a text, as opposed to its explicit or overt meaning
Sub-text
60
What is the term for clauses which function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs in complex sentences
Subordinate clauses
61
What is the term for a group of words drawn from a particular area of experience (eg. food & colours)
Semantic field
62
What is the term for a form of language specific to an individual or character in a text
Personal register
63
Define personal pronouns
Words which stand for named characters in a text (e.g. I, me, they, them)
64
Define active voice
A grammatical structure in which the subject performs the action of the verb (e.g 'Rooney shot fiercely from twenty yards')
65
What term is used to describe words used to arouse strong feelings in the reader or listener
Emotive language
66
Define implicit
An implied or indirect statement of meaning
67
Define assonance
The repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds in a sequence of words
68
Define theatrical time
A dramatist's use of chronology which does not reflect real time 'by the clock'
69
What is the term for a form of unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter
Blank verse
70
What is the term for adjectives formed by the addition of the suffix '-est' or the prefix 'most' to existing adjectives, e.g. 'cleverest', 'most beautiful'
Superlative adjectives
71
Define context of reception
The circumstances in which a text is read/heard and responded to by its audience
72
Define modifiers
Words which describe a noun (adjectives) or a verb (adverbs)
73
Define narrative viewpoint
The perspective established by the writer or narrator of a text
74
Define standard punctuation
Punctuation which follows the normal rules of grammar
75
What is the term for a grammatical structure in which the subject is acted upon, e.g. 'The goalie was left helpless by Rooney's fierce strike'
Passive voice
76
Define iambic pentameter
A poetic rhythm with 5 strong and 5 weak beats to the line (di Dum/ di Dum/ di Dum/ di Dum/ di Dum)
77
Define syntactic parallelism
The juxtaposition of similar grammatical structures for emphasis or contrast, e.g. 'The time for talking has passed; the time for action is now'
78
Define consonance
The correspondence (or near correspondence) of consonant sounds in a sequence of words (e.g. tittle-tattle)
79
What is the term for the repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds in a sequence of words
Assonance
80
What is the term used for lists of three, used for effect most typically in a formal speech
Triadic structures
81
What is the term for lexis which describes ideas, feelings or states of mind
Abstract vocabulary
82
What is the term for terminology drawn from a particular field of knowledge or interest, e.g. medicine, literature, cookery
Specialised lexis (also termed 'field specific' lexis)
83
What is the term used to describe the visual aspects of a written text; the way a text looks on the page
Graphological features
84
What is the term for a comparison which is built up progressively in the course of a text
Extended metaphor
85
What is the term used for words or expressions specific to particular subjects (e.g. the law, science, religion)
Jargon
86
Define social realism
A literary genre which presents a view of society from an objective standpoint
87
Define phonological features
The sounds of words which combine to create meaning, e.g alliteration, assonance, consonance
88
What is the term for a word whose sound imitates what it describes, e.g. buzz, pop
Onomatopoeia
89
What is the term for the principal ideas or issues raised by the story in a narrative or drama
Theme
90
What is the term for the juxtaposition of similar grammatical structures for emphasis or contrast, e.g. 'The time for talking has passed; the time for action is now'
Syntactic parallelism
91
What is the term for inexact or imperfect rhyme, where one sound is echoed by another similar sound
Part-rhyme
92
Define context of production
The circumstances in which a text is produced e.g. historical, social, cultural
93
What term is used to describe a drama with a specific, localised setting, typically based on the family
Domestic drama
94
Define passive voice
A grammatical structure in which the subject is acted upon, e.g. 'The goalie was left helpless by Rooney's fierce strike'
95
Define graphological features
The visual aspects of a written text; the way a text looks on the page
96
Define viewpoint
The perspective of the writer or narrator in a text
97
Define idioms
Colloquial or slang expressions
98
What term is used to describe a narrative of more than one time-scale, e.g. events describing the present combined with events describing the past
Dual/multiple time scheme
99
What is the term for auxilary verbs that indicate possibility, obligation or prediction
Modal verb forms
100
Define formal language
Language with an impersonal register, incorporating standard English vocabulary and correct grammar
101
Define figurative language
Words that are used metaphorically in order to construct a comparison
102
What is the term for words that are used metaphorically in order to construct a comparison
Figurative language
103
Define literal language
Language which states the fact of something and nothing else (also known as 'denotative' language)
104
What is the term for a literary device where two sets of events are followed alternately in the course of a narrative
Parallel action/plot
105
Define connotation
The ideas, feelings or associations that a word suggests in addition to its primary, literal meaning
106
What is the term used for the structure of a text to give clarity and internal consistency.
Coherence
107
108
What is the term for describing lexis which is used imaginatively and which typically foregrounds simile and/or metaphor
Poetic language
109
Define part-rhyme
Inexact or imperfect rhyme, where one sound is echoed by another similar sound
110
Define subordinate clauses
Clauses which function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs in complex sentences
111
Define genre
A type of writing with its own characteristic form and style
112
What is the term for sentences defined according to their grammatical structures: single, compound, complex
Sentence forms
113
What is the term for a recurring distinctive idea running through a text, such as an image or symbol, a word or a phrase, to highlight a central theme
Motif
114
Define syntax
The ordered arrangement of words in a sentence
115
What is the term for an individual's unique language use in speech or writing
Idiolect
116
Define orthography
Standard English spelling
117
What is the term used for a set phrase used by one person to address another, reflecting the nature their relationship, e.g. 'the right honourable gentleman' in a formal speech, 'Hi Amy' in an e-mail
Term of address
118
What is the term for a short poem or song written in the first person expressing a particular emotion or sentiment
Lyric
119
What is the term for the sounds of words which combine to create meaning, e.g alliteration, assonance, consonance
Phonological features
120
What is the term for theatrical devices, e.g. the division of a play into acts and scenes, the use of a narrator, lighting and sound effects
Stage conventions
121
Define ellipsis
The omission of part of a sentence that can be understood from the context
122
Define motif
A recurring distinctive idea running through a text, such as an image or symbol, a word or a phrase, to highlight a central theme
123
What is the term for standard English spelling
Orthography
124
Define persona
The identity adopted by the writer of a text
125
What is the term for the linguistic techniques used to influence an audience in a spoken or written text
Rhetorical devices
126
What is the term for sentences defined according to the purposes for which they are constructed: declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamatory
Sentence types
127
Define sub-plot
A secondary sequence of events in a story, running parallel to the main plot
128
What is the term for a literary device by which one thing is used represent something else, e.g. a concrete object like a bomb can be used to represent an abstract idea like hatred
Symbol
129
Define superlative adjectives
Adjectives formed by the addition of the suffix '-est' or the prefix 'most' to existing adjectives, e.g. 'cleverest', 'most beautiful'
130
What is the term for the means used by a writer to describe a character's personal qualities
Characterisation (note that characterisation refers to the techniques of the writer, not to the character in question)
131
What is the term for the repetition of the same initial sound in a sequence of words
Alliteration
132
What term is used to describe the perspective of the writer or narrator in a text
Viewpoint
133
Define narrator
The person telling the story, either the writer or a character in the story
134
What is the term for colloquial or slang expressions
Idioms
135
What is the term used for a type of writing with its own characteristic form and style
Genre
136
Sentence types
Sentences defined according to the purposes for which they are constructed: declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamatory
137
What is the term for lexis that is considered inappropriate or offensive in certain social circumstances
Taboo language
138
Define perspective
The way that a writer views something; his/her point of view
139
What is the term used to describe expressions from everyday speech, typically found in spontaneous conversation and in writing which reproduces this
Colloquialisms
140
What is the term used for language with an impersonal register, incorporating standard English vocabulary and correct grammar
Formal language
141
Define non-fluency features
Aspects of spontaneous speech such as false starts, fillers and hesitations which indicate that it is unplanned
142
Define modal verb forms
Auxilary verbs that indicate possibility ('I can do this'), obligation ('I must do this', 'I should do this') or prediction ('I will do this')
143
Define premodification
The use of adjectives or adverbs in advance of the head word in a phrase, e.g. 'That's a lovely dress', 'I'm really sorry'
144
What is the term for the total set of words in a language, often called the 'vocabulary' of a language
Lexis
145
What is the term for the circumstances in which a text is produced e.g. historical, social, cultural
Context of production
146
Define colloquial lexis
Informal language typical of speech
147
What term is used to describe a detached and objective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text
External viewpoint
148
Define polemic
An argued or investigative text in which the writer/speaker sets out to shape an audience's opinion, often about a moral or political issue
149
What is the term for a poem that tells a story or describes a series of events, originally sung by a strolling minstrel
Ballad
150
Define alliteration
The repetition of the same initial sound in a sequence of words
151
Define chronology
The arrangement of narrative events in order, beginning with the earliest events and moving forward in time
152
Define register
A form of language suited to a particular situation or social context
153
What is the term for a secondary sequence of events in a story, running parallel to the main plot
Sub-plot
154
What is the term used for a poetic rhythm with 5 strong and 5 weak beats to the line
Iambic pentameter
155
Define emotive language
Words used to arouse strong feelings in the reader or listener
156
What is the term for the arrangement of narrative events in order, beginning with the earliest events and moving forward in time
Chronology
157
Define linguistic framework
A toolkit used to examine the way spoken and written language works
158
Define specialised lexis
Terminology drawn from a particular field of knowledge or interest, e.g. medicine, literature, cookery (also termed 'field specific' lexis)
159
Define reiteration
The repetition of rhetorical devices to highlight a central theme in speech or writing
160
What is the term for the identity adopted by the writer of a text
Persona
161
Define internal viewpoint
An involved and subjective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text
162
What is the term for a drama which explores the state of mind of a central character or a group of characters
Psychological drama
163
What is the term for the perspective established by the writer or narrator of a text
Narrative viewpoint
164
Define taboo language
Lexis that is considered inappropriate or offensive in certain social circumstances
165
What is the term for the way that a writer views something; his/her point of view
Perspective
166
Define colloquialisms
Expressions from everyday speech, typically found in spontaneous conversation and in writing which reproduces this
167
What is the term for an argued or investigative text in which the writer/speaker sets out to shape an audience's opinion, often about a moral or political issue
Polemic
168
Define theme
The principal ideas or issues raised by the story in a narrative or drama
169
Define onomatopoeia
A word whose sound imitates what it describes, e.g. buzz, pop
170
What term is used to describe an involved and subjective perspective of the writer/narrator in a text
Internal viewpoint
171
What is the term for punctuation which does not follow the normal rules of grammar
Non-standard punctuation
172
Define idiolect
The term for an individual's unique language use in speech or writing
173
Define non-standard punctuation
Punctuation which does not follow the normal rules of grammar
174
What is the term for the technique a writer uses to place the reader in relation to what is being said, in order to guide their reponse
Positioning
175
Define informal language
The use of non-standard English, dialect or colloquial lexis
176
Define parallel action/plot
A literary device where two sets of events are followed alternately in the course of a narrative
177
Define primary audience
The principal audience/readership to which a text is addressed
178
What term is used to describe words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there
Deictic language/deixis
179
Define manifesto
A declaration of a writer's or speaker's beliefs, typically found in texts with a political theme
180
What term is used for language which is formal in style and tone
Impersonal register
181
Define term of address
A set phrase used by one person to address another, reflecting the nature their relationship, e.g. 'the right honourable gentleman' in a formal speech, 'Hi Amy' in an e-mail
182
Define lexis
The total set of words in a language, often called the 'vocabulary' of a language
183
What is the term for words which describe a noun (adjectives) or a verb (adverbs)
Modifiers
184
What is the term used for the writer's/speaker's beliefs or moral stance in relation to the topic
values
185
What is the term for a literary genre which presents a view of society from an objective standpoint
Social realism
186
What is the term used for language that is deliberately exaggerated for effect, more intense than the surrounding text
Heightened language
187
Define contextual factors
The external circumstances affecting the content and form of a text (E.g. social and cultural influences, the writer's personal history, literary traditions, stylistic conventions)
188
Define characterisation
The means used by a writer to describe a character's personal qualities (note that characterisation refers to the techniques of the writer, not to the character in question)
189
Define deictic language (deixis)
A term for words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there
190
Define symbol
A literary device by which one thing is used represent something else, e.g. a concrete object like a bomb can be used to represent an abstract idea like hatred
191
What is the term for a declaration of a writer's or speaker's beliefs, typically found in texts with a political theme
Manifesto
192
Define poetic language
A general term describing lexis which is used imaginatively and which typically foregrounds simile and/or metaphor
193
What is the term for the use of adjectives or adverbs in advance of the head word in a phrase, e.g. 'That's a lovely dress', 'I'm really sorry'
Premodification
194
Define ballad
A poem that tells a story or describes a series of events, originally sung by a strolling minstrel
195
Define dual/multiple time scheme
The use in a narrative of more than one time-scale, e.g. events describing the present combined with events describing the past
196
Define heightened language
Language that is deliberately exaggerated for effect, more intense than the surrounding text
197
Define deixis
term for words or expressions that rely on context to give them meaning, e.g. this, that, here, there
