Terminology Quiz

Question 1

Metaphysics

Answer 1

the branch of philosophy that deals with the question of the nature of ultimate reality

Question 2

Idealism

Answer 2

the branch of philosophy that deals with the question of the nature of ultimate reality

Question 3

Reductionism

Answer 3

theory in psychology centered on reducing complex phenomena to their most basic parts.

Question 4

Epistemology

Answer 4

the study of knowledge. Three epistemological factors that contribute to knowledge acquisition are truth, belief and justification.

Question 5

Empiricism

Answer 5

the idea that all learning comes from only experience and observations.

Question 6

Rationalism

Answer 6

reflects a reliance on reason—the philosophical idea that the fundamental starting point for all knowledge is not found in the senses or in experience, but instead can be traced back to some innate knowledge that we’re born with.

Question 7

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 7

a form of reasoning that takes specific knowledge, through observation and experience, and then creates a general conclusion

Question 8

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 8

a psychological process that helps you make decisions and solve problems.

Question 9

Hypothesis

Answer 9

a precise, testable statement of what the researchers predict will be the outcome of the study.

Question 10

Reliability

Answer 10

the consistency of the findings or results of a psychology research study.

Question 11

Validity

Answer 11

assumes that the test in question measures precisely what it aims to measure, meaning the data collected is accurate and represents some truth compared to others outside of the study.

Question 12

Parsimony

Answer 12

identifying the simplest and most accurate explanation for brain processes and human behaviors.

Question 13

Positivism

Answer 13

a philosophical approach asserting that authentic knowledge is derived from sensory experience, preferably through scientific methods.

Question 14

Relativism

Answer 14

the view that every belief is bound to some individual, group, place, or time—whence there are no objective cross-cultural and universal truths.
OR
standards of truth, rationality, and ethical right and wrong vary greatly between cultures and historical epochs and that there are no universal criteria for adjudicating between them.

Question 15

Theory

Answer 15

a set of statements that summarizes and explains mental and behavioural patterns within the context of society and culture.

Question 16

Nominal Data

Answer 16

data which can be separated into discrete categories which do not overlap. E.g. Male and Female

Question 17

Ordinal Data

Answer 17

data which is placed into some kind of order or scale.

Question 18

Interval Data

Answer 18

measured along a numerical scale that has equal distances between adjacent values.

Question 19

Ratio Data

Answer 19

numerical values where the difference between points is standardised and meaningful.
Has a true zero = not possible to have negative values in ratio data.

Question 19

Cronbach’s Alpha

Answer 19

a measure of internal consistency, that is, how closely related a set of items are as a group.

Question 20

IV

Answer 20

the characteristic of an experiment that is manipulated or changed by researchers, not by other variables in the experiment.

Question 21

DV

Answer 21

the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation.

Question 22

Operationalisation

Answer 22

turning abstract concepts into measurable observations.

Question 23

Empirical Criterion

Answer 23

stresses the link between research questions and data, or. between concepts and their empirical indicators.

Question 24

Correlation

Answer 24

there is a relationship between two or more variables, but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other.

Question 25

Quantitative

Answer 25

data that can be counted or measured in numerical values.

Question 26

Qualitative

Answer 26

a method of research that produces descriptive (non-numerical) data, such as observations of behaviour or personal accounts of experiences.

Question 27

T-test

Answer 27

an inferential statistic used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups and how they are related.

Question 28

ANOVA

Answer 28

determines whether three or more populations are statistically different from each other.

Question 29

Regression

Answer 29

a defense mechanism in which people seem to return to an earlier developmental stage.

Question 30

Grounded Theory

Answer 30

a strong, inductive research method for discovering new theories.

Question 31

Typology

Answer 31

classifications used by psychologists to describe the distinctions between people.

Question 32

Taxonomy

Answer 32

Originally referred to the classifying of living organisms.
Now refers to a classification of things, as well as to the principles underlying such a classification.

Question 33

Hermeneutics

Answer 33

the theory or science of interpretation. Hermeneutics is concerned with the ways in which humans derive meaning from language or other symbolic expression.