Terminology Pt. 2 Flashcards
A _____ is a named identifier with an associated value that changes throughout the execution of an application or program.
Variable
Once a _____ is defined in your program, the value can be changed if and when needed to suit the flow of your code.
Variable
A _____ is a named identifier with an associated value that does not change throughout the execution of an application or program.
Constant
In contrast to variables, which vary and change throughout the execution of an application, _____ are fixed, and cannot be altered.
Constants
A specific kind of data item, defined by the values it can accept, the programming language in question, and/or the operations that can be performed on it.
Data types
Common _____ _____ include integers (simple numbers), floating point numbers (decimal-based numbers), Boolean values (TRUE or FALSE) and strings (a series or “string” of alphanumeric characters like a word, sentence, or paragraph), among many others.
Data types
Simple numbers
Integers
Decimal-based numbers
Floating point numbers
TRUE or FALSE
Boolean values
A series of alphanumeric characters like a word, sentence, or paragraph.
String
A _____ _____ is a specialized format for organizing and storing data in a manner that best suits the purpose the data is to be used for.
Data structure
Common _____ _____ in programming include arrays, tables, records, trees, and more.
Data structures
An _____ refers to a combination of related variables, constants, functions (also known as methods), and data structures that can be accessed and managed collectively.
Object
Also known as a method.
Function
_____ refers to the visibility of functions, methods, and variables in one part of a program to another part of the same program.
Scope
_____ _____ is in which visibility is limited to the parent function or method.
Local scope
_____ _____ is in which visibility is unrestricted.
Global scope
_____ is a simplified shorthand for programming languages used to outline the intent and flow of a program before writing and debugging actual code.
Pseudocode
When code must make a choice as to which way to proceed, _____ process those decisions.
Conditionals
An _____ is a mathematical statement that consists of variables, numbers, and operations, and resolves into a specific value.
Expression
A sequence of instructions that are continually repeated until a certain condition is reached.
Loop
_____ _____ is the concept of separating your program’s functionality into independent modules that hide their inner workings behind a public interface or API.
Modular code
An _____ is a set of programming instructions and standards for accessing the functionality of an operating system, software application, or utility.
API
What does API stand for?
Application Programming Interface
A _____ is a piece of executable code that’s passed as an argument to other code statements, and is expected to execute at a specific time.
Callback
A callback that is immediate.
Synchronous (or blocking) callback
A callback that is meant to occur at a later time.
Asynchronous (or deferred) callback
_____ _____ means approaching large problems by breaking them down into smaller, discrete steps, and describing specific objects into clearly defined values that a computer can understand.
Programmatic thinking
A _____ is a function within a function, stored as a variable.
Closure
Unlike normal functions, _____ have a persistent scope that hold onto local variables even after your program has moved out of the code block they’re defined within.
Closures
_____ _____ require you to build your code into a self-contained binary application before it can be distributed an run.
Compiled languages
C, C++, and Swift are examples of _____ _____.
Compiled languages
_____ _____ are run by the language’s interpreter on the host machine by reading the code directly, and providing instructions to the computer to execute the program.
Interpreted languages
Python, PHP, and JavaScript are examples of _____ _____.
Interpreted languages
Code _____ is the process of restructuring existing code without altering its external behavior.
Refactoring
_____ is often used to improve non-functional areas of software, or to improve the performance or utility of specific areas of software.
Refactoring
An _____ is a development tool (or collection of tools ) used to develop for particular languages, including code editors, compilers, debuggers, and other utilities.
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
What does IDE stand for?
Integrated Development Environment
Popular _____ include Apple’s Xcode, Microsoft’s Visual Studio, and Java’s IntelliJ, NetBeans, and Eclipse.
IDEs
