Terminology, Positioning & Imaging Principles Flashcards
List the levels of structural organization in the human body.
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
List the body systems.
1) Skeletal
2) Circulatory
3)Digestive
4) Respiratory
5) Urinary
6) Reproductive
7) Nervous
8) Muscular
9) Endocrine
10) Integumentary
Describe the skeletal system.
Includes 206 separate bones, plus cartilages and joints.
Define osteology.
The study of bones.
What are the four functions of the skeletal system?
1) To support and protect many soft tissues of the body.
2) To allow movement through interaction with the muscles to form a system of levers.
3) To produce blood cells.
4) To store calcium.
Describe the circulatory system.
It is composed of the following:
1) The cardiovascular organs (heart, blood, and blood vessels)
2) The lymphatic system (lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph glands and spleen)
What are the six functions of the circulatory system?
1) To distribute oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body,
2) To carry cell waste and carbon dioxide from the cells.
3) To transport water, electrolytes, hormones and enzymes.
4) To protect against disease.
5) To prevent hemorrhage by forming blood clots.
6) To help regulate body temperature.
Describe the digestive system.
Is made up of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
What are the two functions of the digestive system?
1) To prepare food for absorption by the cells through numerous physical and chemical breakdown processes.
2) To eliminate solid wastes from the body.
Describe the respiratory system.
It is composed of two lungs and several passages which connect the lungs to the outside atmosphere. These include: the nose, moth, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchial tree.
What are the three functions of the respiratory system?
1) To supply oxygen to the blood and eventually to the cells.
2) To eliminate carbon dioxide from the blood.
3) To assist in regulating the acid-base balance of the blood.
Describe the urinary system.
It includes the organs that produce, collect and eliminate urine. It includes: The kidneys, ureters, bladder and uretha.
What are the four functions of the urinary system?
1) To regulate the chemical composition of the blood.
2) To eliminate many waste products.
3) To regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and volume.
4) To maintain the acid-base balance of the body.
Describe the reproductive system.
It is made up of organs that product, transport and store the germ cells. In the male it includes: the vas deferens, prostate gland, and penis.
In the female it includes: the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina.
What is the function of the reproductive system?
To reproduce the organism.
