Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anthropology Exam 1 > Terminology Part 1 > Flashcards

Terminology Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Human paleontology

A

Study of human and primate fossil record

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteology

A

Study of the human skeleton
Examples: porotic hyperostosis (caused by an iron deficiency)
Harris lines in skeleton evidence of stunted growth due to malnutrition, disease, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anthropometry

A

Study of physical measurements of the human body
Example: Incans had a larger heart due to high elevation and helped avoided hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Archaeology

A

Study of history through remains
Examples: Aztec Burials, Lascaux cave, Etowah Indian mounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Emic perspective

A

The way people view their own behavior, an insider’s perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Etic perspective

A

An outsider’s perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

First attribute of culture

A

Learned; taught by others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vertical (Learned)

A

Parents teaching children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Horizontal (Learned)

A

Between peers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oblique (learned)

A

One to many (media, influencers, politicians)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2nd attribute to culture

A

Shared; everyone participates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3rd attribute to culture

A

Dynamic; always changing (9/11 and security)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Beri Beri, Thailand

A

The connection between rice and the high concentration of thyroid disease was figured out by anthropologists living in and participating in their culture (method is called participant observation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sue Fishers study in So. California with hysterectomies

A

Found that Hispanic women would be offered more invasive treatments (hysterectomy) for reproductive cancer than Non Hispanic white women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Holistic

A

All perspectives are examined to explain human phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Comparative

A

Only two perspectives are compared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of adaptions

A

Genetic, developmental, cultural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Genetic adaptation

A

Sickle cell anemia and high rates of malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Developmental adaption

A

Vasoconstriction/ dilation with the Eskimo people and maintaining body heat when submerged in icy water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cultural

A

Satisfies people’s need ands wants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ayahuasca

A

Hallucinogenic drink used by tribes in the Amazon that helps rid the body of internal parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The belief that one’s culture is the best way of doing things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Xenophobia

A

Fear of things foreign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Idea that cultural values and practices should be understood with their own cultural context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Elderly eskimos
They would walk in the icy water and drown as a way to not slow down the group or be a burden
26
Values
Emotionally charged preferences
27
Japan Values
Nude bathing, noticeable condom factories, tv commercials
28
Idiosyncratic
Values that are based on an individual, (vegetarian)
29
Nativ Tasmanians
Were brutally treated by the English due to their perspective that their way of life was superior to theirs
30
Innovation
Any new practice, tool, or value that becomes widely embraced
31
Invention
A rearrangement of pre-existing knowledge or technologies
32
Discovery
New knowledge or technology
33
Diffusion
Spreading of culture over time and geographic space
34
Diffusion of horses
Become very integrated in Native American culture, like hunting, way they dressed, how they traveled, etc
35
Spiritism
Began in mid 19th century Franc, mix of Christian moral code with reincarnation and spirits
36
Dr. Fritz
Spirit of a dead German doctor that possesses a medium named Mauricio Malgaehes and treats and performs surgeries on patients
37
Results of Dr. Fritz care
Many people have success and reasons why could be of how thoroughly they prep patients beforehand, before hand religious beliefs, and the placebo effect
38
Adaption
Any trait/condition that maximizes and organism to meet its basic needs and to successfully reproduce
39
Functionalism
Cultural traits that have an adaptive function
40
The Hopi and high mesas
Adaptive method that was used for defense purposes and protection against other tribes
41
Adaptionist trap
Tendency to see everything as adaptive
42
Clean revolution
When people wanted to improve their hygiene such as the use of listerine, daily bathing, brushing their teeth, deodorant, etc.
43
Maladaptive behavior
Any behavior that brings harms or reduce life on organisms life
44
Polyandry
Women have multiple partners
45
Subscinsion
Extreme circumcision practiced among Australian aboriginals that would often impair a male’s ability to reproduce
46
Conformity
The evolutionary need to conform to one’s environment
47
Corsets
Women would often have miscarriages, faint, would rearrange their internal organs
48
Chinese foot binding
Women would bind their feet and leave themselves crippled to have tiny feet and gain higher status within marriage
49
Aztec tooth carving
Sign of high status for warriors but would often lead to bacterial infections in the incisors
50
Animism
Belief that everything in nature has a soul and is alive
51
Clan
Can be traced back to a single ancestor, matrilineal or patrilineal
52
Proximate cause
Obvious causes for warfare, religious beliefs, political beliefs, resources
53
Ultimate cause
Evolutionary cause! Trust the familiar, distrust the foreign
54
Tribes
Single or multi settlement, more than one kin, numbers vary, may have a hierarchy
55
Pastoralism
Primary food is livestock, shown typically with nomads
56
Transhumance
Moving livestock seasonally
57
Horticulture
Back yard gardening, use simple hand-tools and simple farming techniques
58
Agriculture
Farming with aim of having surplus, used for large populations
59
Chiefdom
Great population, composed of more than one tribe, social stratification, usually agricultural
60
State
Highly stratified, always has agriculture, full time army, class system
61
Pohteca
War heroes in Aztec culture
62
Tlatoani
Aztec governors
63
Tzompantli
Wooden rock used to display heads of the sacrificed in Aztec culture
64
Chinampas
Artificial islands built on lakes or ponds for agriculture, used in meso-america
65
Location of the Basseri
Southern Iran
66
Religion of the basseri
Shiah muslims
67
Basseri life
Organized into camps, tribal groups, 16k population, have arranged marriage, patrilineal, have a chief
68
Basseri agriculture
Use domesticated animals (sheep’s and goat) mostly trade milk products
69
Ju Hoansi location
Southern Africa (Botswana and Namibia)
70
Ju hoansi Substinence
Hunting, gathering, foraging, the people have great tracking skills
71
Ju Hoansi migration?
Nomads, stationary during dry season, on the move in rainy season
72
Ju Hoansi marriage
Many rules on who you can marry, many end in divorce
73
Ju Hoansi religions
Strongly believe in egalitarianism (equality) oxen Christmas story
74
Gangwasi
ancestral spirits that are believed to be the cause of illness in Ju Hoansi culture
75
Animatism
the belief that there is power in all forces around us.
76
Ojibwa location
North Midwest of USA, Southern Canada
77
Effects on Ojibwa with the fur trade
Changed culture drastically Led to warfare Infectious diseases Allies with The Huron Most lands were taken away
78
Ojibwa beliefs
Egalitarianism, animism, animatism
79
What were the grandfathers
Supernatural beings in the Ojibwa culture
80
Midewiwin
Healers in the Ojibwa tribe
81
Ojibwa today
Many have assimilated, some still on reserves, many participate in tribal casinos
82
Samuel Champlain
French explorer and cartographer that lived and fought with the Huron
83
Gabriel Sagard
Missionary in the Huron Country that mastered their language
84
Jesuit priests
Sent to Huron country to convert them and would send reports to solicit funds, these reports were often exaggerated
85
Huron Geography and climate
Located in upstate Michigan and southern Ontario Cold, snowy winters, and warm summers
86
Huron beliefs
Had gods, believed in animism
87
Huron life
Separate tribes, big long houses with 6 families each in them, matrilineal
88
Huron tribes
The bear, the rock, the cord, the deer
89
Jobs for the Huron
Women worked the crops and home chores, men did the hunting and clearing of the fields
90
Huron subsistence
Corn, beans, squash, tobacco, sunflowers, hunting, and fish
91
War fare and motives
Clashed with the Iroquois specifically the Seneca, Revenge, prestige, and religion mandated it
92
Huron Marriage, affection, children
Men would live in women’s house, pre marital sex, adultery, PDA looked down upon, refrained from sex postpartum, women weren’t suppose to cry in labor
93
Huron witchcraft
Very serious, were killed if accused, people would accuse because of jealousy, antisocialness, repeated misbehavior
94
Huron Attitude to death
Huron were scared of death, Held a feast of the dead- dig up their dead, and buried gifts in a communal burial
95
Satisfaction of soul desires
Revealed by dream Illnesses would be cause if soul did not become satisfied Individual would receive what they dreamed or have substitutes Allowed for the breakdown of customs
96
Porotic hyperstasis
Porous bone tissue caused by iron deficiency

Anthropology Exam 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions