Terminology (page 2 -4)

Question 1

lying face down

Answer 1

Prone

Question 2

lying face up

Answer 2

Supine

Question 3

covering a client’s body with a sheet or towel

Answer 3

Draping

Question 4

removing the sheet or towel, to expose the area to be treated

Answer 4

Undraping

Question 5

when it is appropriate to perform a type of therapy

Answer 5

Indication

Question 6

when it is not appropriate to perform a certain therapy

Answer 6

Contraindication

Question 7

extra care or caution is required with certain therapy

Answer 7

Caution/Precaution

Question 8

touch for assessment or therapy

Answer 8

Palpation

Question 9

a direct effect on the tissues being manipulated

Answer 9

Mechanical Effect

Question 10

an effect on tissue or a system, away from the site being manipulated

Answer 10

Reflex effect

Question 11

a gliding technique over the surface of the skin; manipulation affecting the circulation of blood and lymph

Answer 11

Effleurage

Question 12

a technique characterized by alternating pressure and relaxation

Answer 12

Petrisage

Question 13

percussive technique

Answer 13

Tapotement

Question 14

apparatus on which we perform a massage

Answer 14

Table

Question 15

_____________ – increasing metabolism, hastening healing, pain management

Answer 15

Physiological effect

Question 16

_____________– relieving fatigue, reducing tension/anxiety, promoting relaxation
Massage can have an overall soothing or stimulating effect

Answer 16

Psychological effects

Question 17

_______________– prolonged deep massage will result in the area turning
red (hyperemia). Muscle tissue softening massage to the shoulder which eliminates
tingling in the fingers. If there is no effect on circulation and effects the nervous system
only it is said to have a pure reflex effect

Answer 17

Mechanical and reflex effects

Question 18

Effects of Massage on the Circulation and Heart

Answer 18

Assists blood flow back to the heart
Helps the heart work more efficiently
Reflex effect of vasodilatation of arteriole, leads to increased blood supply and therefore
more nutrients and oxygen to the tissue
Increases elimination of waste
Lymph flow increases back to the circulatory system
Increase flow - increases, in strengthened heart beat (Starling’s Law of the heart)
Blood pressure decreases

Question 19

Muscular System Effects

Answer 19

Increased recovery to muscle; when a muscle contracts it produces waste that is toxic to
the muscle, massage clears this waste and thereby decreases recovery time
Tone can be temporarily increased or decreased
Reduce spasms (spasms are caused by primar y irritation) decrease irritation = decreased
spasm
Muscle repair occurs with fewer restrictions
Range of motion increases

Question 20

Nervous System Effects

Answer 20

CNS (central nervous system) PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Question 21

Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Answer 21

Pupils become smaller 
     Heart rate decreased 
     Vasodilation (vessels are large) 
     Digestion increases 
     Causes male erection

Question 22

Sympathetic (fight or flight)

Answer 22

Widening of pupils (dilate)
Vasoconstriction (flow of blood and vessels get smaller)
Decreased digestion
Stimulation of salivary and sweat glands
Causes ejaculation in the male

Question 23

Respiratory System

Answer 23

Increases breathing efficiency
Gases exchange more effectively (incr ease intake of oxygen & elimination of carbon
dioxide)
Allows for increased chest expansion and increases lung capacity
Increase metabolism, therefore increases carbon dioxide in blood which then increases
expiration
Increased breathing has a soothing effect on the nervous system

Question 24

Components of Massage

6 components

Answer 24

1. Rate – speed of movement
2. Rhythm – overall delivery of techniques, even steady rhythm vs. err atic
3. Duration – time to perform a technique, limb or routine (depends upon age,
   condition and state of health of the client)
4. Pressure – light, firm or deep pressure. Deeper pressure should only be applied
   over fleshy areas, light over bony
5. Direction – the direction in which techniques are applied (long strokes - towards
   the heart) 1 direction
6. Contact – all contact should be intentional not incidental
   Try to maintain contact at all times
   Broader contact - light pressure
   More focused contact - deeper pressure

Question 25

Principles of Massage Application

Answer 25

1. General - Specific - General
   Warm up the area to be treated, specific work, then relax and drain the areas
2. Superficial - Deep - Superficial
   Goes hand in hand with the above principle, with the component of pressure
3. Proximal - Distal
   Begin treatment at the proximal end of the limb and move to the distal segment, e.g. start
   at hip, finish with foot. This decreases possibility of therapist causing congestion
4. Periphery - Center
   In regards to problem areas, work around the periphery of pain or swelling, then
   gradually work towards center, as patient allows