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Neuro MS1 > Terminology + Localization > Flashcards

Terminology + Localization Flashcards

1
Q

The process by which we locate and restrict pathology to a specific location or structure of the nervous system

A

Localization

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2
Q

breakdown of muscle due to injury

A

rhabdomyolysis

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3
Q

inflammation of the muscle

A

myositis

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4
Q

loss of reflexes is associated with what kind of lesion?

A

lower motor neuron

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5
Q

loss or injury to a neuron

A

neuronopathy

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6
Q

loss of neurons in the ganglia

A

ganglionopathy

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7
Q

injury to the spinal cord

A

myelopathy

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8
Q

inflammation of the spinal cord

A

myelitis

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9
Q

increased velocity-dependent tone

A

spasticity

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10
Q

Signs of a spinal cord injury (general)

A

myelopathy/myelitis, UMN signs (hyperreflexia, UMN pattern of weakness, babinski sign, determine level)

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11
Q

disease of the nerve

A

neuropathy

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12
Q

disease of a cranial nerve

A

cranial neuropathy

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13
Q

inflammation of a peripheral nerve

A

neuritis

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14
Q

injury of a plexus

A

plexopathy

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15
Q

inflammation of the plexus

A

plexitis

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16
Q

injury to the nerve root

A

radiculopathy

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17
Q

temporary change in mental status, often accompanied by confusion, hallucination, delusions, and speech changes

A

delirium

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18
Q

AMS/confusion due to a change in brain structure or function

A

encephalopathy

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19
Q

inflammation of the brain often accompanied by signs of encephalopathy or delirium

A

encephalitis

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20
Q

Unable to recognize sensory information despite intact senses

A

agnosia

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21
Q

can’t recognize own deficits

A

anosognosia

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22
Q

cortical blindness without realizing it

A

Anton’s syndrome

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23
Q

can’t hear but should be able to

A

cortical deafness

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24
Q

can’t recognize fingers

A

finger agnosia

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25
Q

can’t process the whole

A

simultagnosia

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26
Q

can’t recognize an object by feel

A

astereognosia

27
Q

can’t recognize a number traced on the hand

A

agraphesthesia

28
Q

can’t name/recognize colors

A

color agnosia

29
Q

non-fluent aphasia

A

expressive aphasia

30
Q

impaired repetition of speech

A

conduction aphasia

31
Q

spared repetition of speech

A

transcortical aphasia

32
Q

naming and repetition impaired

A

logopenic aphasia

33
Q

words lose meaning

A

semantic aphasia

34
Q

can’t do previously learned math

A

acalculia

35
Q

deficit in motor planning and ability to perform a previously learned motor task

A

apraxia

36
Q

can’t reach for an object under visual guidance

A

optic apraxia

37
Q

inability to move eyes to a new point

A

oculomotor apraxia

38
Q

can’t copy a structure

A

construction apraxia

39
Q

magnetic gait aka

A

gait apraxia

40
Q

inability to perform a specific learned task

A

ideomotor apraxia

41
Q

impairment in sequence to carry out a task

A

ideational apraxia

42
Q

classic area affected in Hemiballismus

A

subthalamic nucleus

43
Q

D1 receptors signal _____

A

direct pathway; “go”

44
Q

D2 receptors signal ______

A

indirect pathway; “stop”

45
Q

Where is parkinsonism classically seen

A

substantia nigra

46
Q

violent hyperkinetic movements

A

hemiballism

47
Q

involuntary rhythmic oscillating movement

A

tremor

48
Q

voluntary uncontrolled movments

A

dyskinesia

49
Q

restlessness or inability to remain still

A

akathisia

50
Q

non-velocity dependent increase in tone

A

rigidity

51
Q

brief, rapid, involuntary, and irregular twitch or contractions

A

myoclonus

52
Q

abnormal writhing movements

A

athetosis

53
Q

unpleasant or abnormal sensation of touch

A

dyesthesia

54
Q

numbness aka

A

hypoesthesia

55
Q

increase in sensitivity

A

hyperesthesia

56
Q

abnormal writhing movements due to loss of joint position

A

pseudoathetosis

57
Q

lack of coordination w undershoot or overshoot of movements

A

dysmetria

58
Q

impaired rapid alternating movements

A

dysdiadochokinesia

59
Q

dysarthria with speech sound broken up into separate syllables

A

scanning speech

60
Q

unequal pupils

A

anisocoria

61
Q

lower facial weakness, forehead spared

A

central facial palsy

62
Q

upper and lower facial weakness

A

peripheral facial palsy

63
Q

impaired adduction of eye due to MLF lesion

A

internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)

Neuro MS1 (4 decks)

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