Terminology List

Question 1

AORTA

Answer 1

Main ARTERY that carries blood AWAY from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 2

ARTERIOLE

Answer 2

Small diameter blood vessel that extends out from an artery and leads to capillaries

Question 3

ARTERY

Answer 3

Blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues

Question 4

ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE

(BUNDLE OF HIS)

Answer 4

1. A bundle of specialised muscle fibres regulating the heartbeat
2. Conducts impulses from the right ATRIUM to the VENTRICLES

Question 5

ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) VALVE

Answer 5

Connects the ATRIUM to the VENTRICLES

Includes the MITRAL VALVE and the TRICUSPID VALVE

Question 6

ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) NODE

Answer 6

Electrically connects the heart’s ATRIA and VENTRICLES to coordinate beating in the heart

Part of the electrical conduction system of the heart

Question 7

ATRIUM

Answer 7

The Upper Chamber through which blood enters the VENTRICLES of the heart

Question 8

LEFT ATRIUM

Answer 8

Receives blood from the PULMONARY (LUNG) circulation

Question 9

RIGHT ATRIUM

Answer 9

Receives blood from the VENA CAVA (Venous Circulation)

Question 10

CARDIAC CYCLE

Answer 10

Conversion of deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood in lungs and pumping it by heart to body through the aorta

Question 11

DIASTOLE

Answer 11

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood

Question 12

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

(ECG/EKG)

Answer 12

One of the simplest and fastest tests used to evaluate the heart

Question 13

ERYTHROCYTE

(RED BLOOD CELLS)

Answer 13

• Type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood
• They contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.

Question 14

ERYTHROPOIETIN

(EPO)

Answer 14

Produced by the KIDNEY and used to make red blood cells

Question 15

HEART SOUNDS

Answer 15

A “lub” and a “dub” that occur in sequence with each heartbeat

Question 16

HAEMOSTASIS

Answer 16

Body’s normal physiological response for the prevention and stopping of bleeding/haemorrhage

It helps ensure blood fluidity and blood vessel integrity

Question 17

HAEMATOCRIT

Answer 17

A test that measures the proportion of red blood cells in your blood

(aka PCV test or simple blood test)

Question 18

HYPOXIA

Answer 18

LOW OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD

Question 19

P WAVE

Answer 19

Represents DEPOLARISATION in the ATRIA just after the SA NODE fires

Question 20

QRS COMPLEX

Answer 20

Represents DEPOLARISATION of the VENTRICLES

Question 21

T WAVE

Answer 21

Represents VENTRICULAR REPOLARISATION

Question 22

PACEMAKER

Answer 22

Small device implanted in the chest to help control the heartbeat

It is used to PREVENT the heart beating to slowly

Question 23

PLASMA

Answer 23

Fluid around blood cells

Dissolves and transports many other substances that can dissolve (ie: lipid solubles)

Question 24

PLATELETS

(Thrombocytes)

Answer 24

• Colourless blood cells that help blood clot
• They stop bleeding by CLUMPING and FORMING plugs in blood vessel injuries

Question 25

PULMONARY CIRCUIT

Answer 25

Transports **oxygen-poor** blood from the **right ventricle** to the **lungs,** gets new blood Then it **returns** the **oxygen-rich** blood to the **left atrium**

Question 26

PULMONARY ARTERY

Answer 26

Carries blood from the **right side** of the heart to the **lungs** **“Pulmonary”** means something that affects the lungs

Question 27

PULMONARY VEIN

Answer 27

**TRANSFERS** oxygenated blood from the **LUNGS** to the **HEART**

Question 28

PURKINJE FIBRES

Answer 28

* Specialised **conducting** fibres composed of electrically excitable cells * Essential for maintaining a consistent heart rhythem

Question 29

SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE

Answer 29

**Initiates** the electrical impulses to stimulate contraction ​Referred to as the **natural pacemaker**

Question 30

SEMILUNAR VALVE

Answer 30

* The valve **BETWEEN** the **RIGHT VENTRICLE** and **PULMONARY TRUNK** is the **PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE** * The valve **BETWEEN** the **LEFT VENTRICLE** and the **AORTA** is the **AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE** * When the ventricles **RELAX**, Semilunar Valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles

Question 31

SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

Answer 31

Part of the **CIRCULATORY SYSTEM** that carries blood **away** from the heart, delivers it to most of the organs and tissues and **returns** it to the heart

Question 32

SYSTOLE

Answer 32

* **Contraction** of the **ventricles** * Systole causes the **ejection** of blood into the **aorta** and **pulmonary trunk**

Question 33

VEINS

Answer 33

* Blood vessels that carry mostly **deoxygenated** blood **towards** the heart * Except the **pulmonary vein** and **umbilical vein** that carry **oxygenated blood** to the heart

Question 34

VENA CAVA

Answer 34

Large vein that carries blood to the heart from other areas of the body There are 2 parts: *Superior vena cava & Inferior vena cava* Largest vein in the body

Question 35

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

Answer 35

Delivers blood from the upper half of the body

Question 36

INFERIOR VENA CAVA

Answer 36

Carries blood from legs, feet and organs in abdomen and pelvis

Question 37

VENTRICLE

Answer 37

* One of 2 large chambers toward the bottom of the heart that **collect** and **expel** blood * The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an **atrium**

Question 38

ANTIGENS

Answer 38

Substances that have the ability to provoke an immune response and the ability to react with the antibodies or cells that result from the immune response