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Taxonomy of Spiders > Terminology for Exam 2 > Flashcards

Terminology for Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Evolution

A

a change in gene frequency of a population over time

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2
Q

Natural Selection

A

the mechanism for adaptive evolution

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3
Q

Natural selection condition 1-Variation

A

different traits among individuals in a population

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4
Q

Natural selection condition 2- Heritable

A

genetic traits that can be passed from parents to offspring

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5
Q

Natural selection condition 3- Competition

A

the struggle for existence among individuals in a population

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6
Q

Natural selection condition 4- differential reproductive success

A

individuals with favorable variations are more likely to survive and reproduce

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7
Q

Charles Robert Darwin birth and death

A

1809-1882

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8
Q

Charles Robert Darwin book name and date

A

On the origin of species by means of natural selection or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life-1859

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9
Q

Another name for reproductive success

A

fitness

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10
Q

Adaptation

A

something about the behavior, morphology, or physiology of an organism that enables it to better able to survive and reproduce in its particular environment

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11
Q

Sexual selection

A

component of natural selection that deals with variable success in obtaining mates

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12
Q

Intrasexual selection

A

Typically male/male competition

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13
Q

Intersexual selection

A

Typically female choice

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14
Q

Who is the choosy sex?

A

Female

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15
Q

Gamete

A

Sperm + eggs

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16
Q

Internal Fertilization

A

When the embryo develops

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17
Q

Altricial

A

young one being defenseless

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18
Q

Precocial

A

Young one is independent

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19
Q

Mate choice w no material benefits

A

large size, bright colors, longer legs

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20
Q

Mate choice with material benefits

A

Territory, Paternal care

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21
Q

Sexual Dismorphism

A

When the males are different from the females

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22
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics

A

Hooks on pedipalps, long hairs on legs

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23
Q

Monagamy

A

Extra Pair Copulation- one mate

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24
Q

Polyandry

A

Sex Role Reversal- female has many mates

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25
Q

Polygyny

A

Lek and Satellite Males- Many females and one mate

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26
Q

Sexual Dimorphism in size and color

A

Males are smaller and more colorful

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27
Q

Sperm web

A

A web males make to mate with female spiders

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28
Q

Sperm Induction

A

Male inserts pedipalps into female and shoots sperm in

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29
Q

Spermathecae

A

cul de sac & conduit

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30
Q

Cul de sac

A

orthognatha, last male

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31
Q

Conduit

A

labidognatha, first male

32
Q

Pheromones

A

how females stimulate mate courtship behavior and provide information

33
Q

Courtship in short sighted hunters

A

sit & wait predators who are active at night

34
Q

Nocturnal

A

active at night

35
Q

Diurnal

A

active in the day

36
Q

Bridal veil

A

when males spread silk on top of the females body

37
Q

Courtship in long sighted hunters

A

not preceded by touch with very good eyesight

38
Q

Courtship in web builders

A

Use vibrations because they cant see well

39
Q

Mating thread

A

silk males use to wrap the female before mating

40
Q

Dragline

A

what males use to escape female

41
Q

Significance of different mating positions

A

Different levels of comfort from the different spiders

42
Q

Sexual Cannibalism

A

Females eat males, Females get nutrients to give to the babies and male bodies are protein for them. Males let females eat them to escape predators

43
Q

Egg sac

A

Where the baby spiders are

44
Q

Sperm storage

A

Sperm is stored in the spermathecae

45
Q

Living things that kill spiders BIOTIC

A

predators, fungi, and parasites

46
Q

Non living things that kill spiders ABIOTIC

A

Climate, desiccation (drying out), thermoregulation (over heating)

47
Q

R strategists

A

short life span, insects

48
Q

K strategists

A

long life span, humans

49
Q

Ecdysis

A

Term for molting

50
Q

Instar

A

Stages between molts

51
Q

Eclosion

A

hatching of the egg

52
Q

Zygote

A

When the sperm and egg mix

53
Q

Embryo

A

where the baby grows

54
Q

Yolk

A

What spiderlings feed off of

55
Q

Tanning

A

Darkening of a new exoskeleton

56
Q

Ballooning

A

When spiderlings fly in the air

57
Q

Gossamer

A

The silk spiders use for ballooning

58
Q

Cannibalism

A

Sexual cannibalism or trapped in egg sacs

59
Q

Aeolian Plankton

A

when living things fly and are flowed by the air

60
Q

Temperature

A

Warm air

61
Q

Wind

A

slower than 7 miles

62
Q

Height

A

less than 200ft

63
Q

Exoskeleton

A

old skin that the spider sheds

64
Q

Term for a shed exoskeleton

A

exuvia

65
Q

Molting fluid

A

used to seperate old and new skeleton

66
Q

Ecdysone

A

A molting hormone

67
Q

Autotomy

A

self cut. removing own body parts
legs, spinnerets, chelicerae, labium, maxilla, pedipalps

68
Q

Which sex lives longer

A

female

69
Q

Which type lives longer

A

orthognatha

70
Q

Causes of death

A

old age, mortality, desiccation, cannibalism, predators/fungi/parasites, climate, ballooning, molting

71
Q

What is a packet of sperm and protein called?

A

Spermathecae*-

72
Q

What is the term for a display area where males advertise for mates without giving any material gifts?

A

Lek

73
Q

What spider family has some species with males who produce glandular secretions for females to eat off the male’s bizarre body projections during copulation?

A

Tetragnathidae

74
Q

Where do most spiderlings undergo their first molt?

A

In the egg sac

75
Q

What are the two biggest dangers to eggs while in the egg sac?

A

Thermoregulation & Desiccitation

76
Q

What family has a secondary sexual characteristic on its chelicerae?

A

Lyniphiidae

77
Q

What family allows the males to pick them up, carry them around, then copulate?

A

Araneidae

Taxonomy of Spiders (5 decks)

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