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A2 English Lang/lit Glossary > Terminology For Analysing Any Text > Flashcards

Terminology For Analysing Any Text Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Common noun

A

A naming word for a thing that is tangible, e.g chair, penguin, man, ghost

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2
Q

Abstract noun

A

a naming word for an idea, concept, state of being or belief, e.g. Sadnesss, love, politics, Marxism

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3
Q

Proper noun

A

a naming word for a specific example of a common noun, e.g. Bob, Eiffel Tower, London Bridge

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4
Q

Verb

A

a word that represents an action or process

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5
Q

Active verb

A

a word that represents a physical action, e.g. Jump, run, sleep.

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6
Q

Stative verb

A

a word that represents a process that is often only mental, e.g. Think, believe, hope.

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7
Q

Auxiliary verb

A

a verb that has to be used with another verb in order to create present participles or the future tense, e.g. “DID you go?”, “I AM going”, “you WILL go”.

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8
Q

Modal verb

A

an auxiliary verb that express a degree of either possibility or necessity, e.g. Might, could, must, should, may.

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9
Q

Adjective

A

a describing word that modifies a noun

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10
Q

Adverb

A

a describing word that modifies all types of word, excluding nouns.

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11
Q

Superlative

A

an adjective that displays the most extreme value of its quality, e.g. most, biggest, smallest, worst, furthest.

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12
Q

Comparative

A

an adjective that relates one thing in some way to another e.g. Bigger, smaller, further, quieter.

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13
Q

Definite article

A

The.

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14
Q

Indefinite article

A

a or an

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15
Q

Pronoun

A

a word that takes the place of a noun in a sentence, e.g. Him, her, it, he.

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16
Q

First person pronoun

A

I, and the first person plural: we, our, us.

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17
Q

Second person pronoun

A

You

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18
Q

Third person pronoun

A

Him, her, she, it, and the third person plural: them, those.

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19
Q

Possessive pronoun

A

My, mine, our, your, his, hers, theirs.

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20
Q

Demonstrative pronoun

A

This, that, those.

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21
Q

Monosyllabic lexis

A

Words of one syllable.

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22
Q

Polysyllabic lexis

A

Words of two or more syllable.

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23
Q

Imperative sentence mood

A

When a sentence is issuing a command.

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24
Q

Declarative sentence mood

A

When a sentence is making a statement.

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25
Q

Interrogative sentence mood

A

When a sentence is asking a question.

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26
Q

Exclamatory sentence mood

A

When a sentence conveys a strong sense of emotion, sense of alarm or overly strong emphasis.

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27
Q

Register

A

The level of formality of a text

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28
Q

Tenor

A

The tone, or the relationship between author and reader and how it’s created

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29
Q

Attitudes

A

The opinions expressed in the text

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30
Q

Content

A

What the text is about

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31
Q

Context

A

Things outside the text which may shape its meaning

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32
Q

Form

A

The structure and shape of a text

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33
Q

Themes

A

The recurring ideas and images in a text

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34
Q

Colloquialism

A

Informal language usage, e.g. Bloke, fella, lass

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35
Q

Exclamation

A

A one word sentence with an exclamation mark at the end

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36
Q

Ellipsis

A

When parts of a written sentence are missing. In texts, sometimes they are indicated by three full stops in a row… like this.

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37
Q

Syntax

A

The way words from sentences (the ordering of them to create meaning)

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38
Q

Parenthesis

A

An aside within a text created by section off extra Infromation between brackets, dashes or between commas

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39
Q

Rhetorical question

A

A question not to be answered, perhaps to pique interest or make a point

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40
Q

Hypophora

A

When a rehtorical question is immediately followed by an answer in a text, e.g. “Is this the best film ever? You bet is is!”

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41
Q

Hyberbole

A

Deliberate over-exaggeration of things for effect

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42
Q

Litotes

A

Deliberate downplaying of things for effect

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43
Q

Parallelism

A

The creation of patterns in a text, through repetition of words or phrases, or by balancing meanings for deliberate effect

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44
Q

Repetition

A

The repetition of words or phrases

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45
Q

Tricolon

A

Grouping in threes, either through repetition or through structures

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46
Q

Imagery

A

A descriptive or metaphorical use of language to create a vivid picture

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47
Q

Pre-modification

A

A descriptive technique where the descriptive words come before the thing they are describing

48
Q

Post-modification

A

A descriptive technique where the descriptive words come after the thing they are describing

49
Q

Metaphor

A

A comparison that states that something is actually something else “take a leaf out of her book”

50
Q

Simile

A

A comparison that states that something is ‘like’ or ‘as’ something else. “I was carm like water”

51
Q

Synecdoche

A

A metaphor that states that something is only a small constituent part of itself “a new set of wheels (car”

52
Q

Analogy

A

Explaining something in terms of something else

53
Q

Allusion

A

To refer to something indirectly

54
Q

Pathetic fallacy

A

When the environment or weather mirrors emotions

55
Q

Personification

A

A device in which the non-human is give personal and human qualities, e.g. “The trees danced in the wind”

56
Q

Extended metaphor

A

When a metaphor continues throughout a text with recurring references to the compared item

57
Q

Symbolism

A

Using figurative and metaphoric language, items or incident in a way that means that certain things represent other things e.g “Green light in Gatsby shows envoy”

58
Q

Lexis

A

Another word for the word ‘word’

59
Q

Field specific lexis

A

The language of a certain area, e.g. Field specific lexis for computing would include mouse, monitor, RAM

60
Q

Lexical set

A

The selection of relative lexems from a text

61
Q

Lexical bundle

A

A recurrent sequence of words or a collection of words that through repetition of use, just naturally go together, e.g. “I don’t think…”

62
Q

Semantics

A

The meanings of words

63
Q

Acronym

A

Words created by the initials of other grouped words, e.g. UN, NATO

64
Q

Synonym

A

An alternative word choice that has the same or similar meaning, e.g. A synonym of horror is fright

65
Q

Homophone

A

Different words that sound exactly the same when said out loud, e.g. They’re, their, knew, new

66
Q

Homonym

A

When one word has multiple meanings, e.g. Great can mean both size and positivity

67
Q

Archaism

A

A word that over time has fallen out of common usage

68
Q

Juxtaposition

A

The placing together of elements, whether that be complimentary or contrasting to create effect

69
Q

Antithesis

A

When ideas contrast or oppose one another

70
Q

Oxymoron

A

The use of apparently contradictory words in a phrase, e.g. “Peaceful war”

71
Q

Collocations

A

Words that, through usage just naturally go together, e.g. “Fish and chips”, “Salt and vinegar”

72
Q

Asyndetic listing

A

The listing of elements that excludes any form of co-operation cojunction

73
Q

Phonological features

A

Any devices used that relate to sound

74
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

When a word is spelled exactly as that same as the sound it describes, e.g. “Drip”, “Pop”

75
Q

Consonance

A

The repetition of double consonants in the middle of words

76
Q

Assonance

A

The repetition of vowel sounds

77
Q

Alliteration

A

The repetition of consonant sounds in a text

78
Q

Exposition

A

The parts of a story (usually early on) where the writer gets across all the information about the situation of a character

79
Q

Narrator

A

The ‘Voice’ that tells a fictional story

80
Q

Protagonist

A

The character the reader is meant to identify with the most and follow through the story

81
Q

Anti-hero

A

A protagonist who isn’t always morally virtuous but has enough qualities to endear themselves to a reader

82
Q

Antagonist

A

The character who opposes the goals of the protagonist

83
Q

Dialogue

A

The presentation of a character’s speech

84
Q

Monologue

A

A type of poem or a prolonged piece of drama where one character delivers a speech that reveals their innermost feelings

85
Q

Dramatic irony

A

When the audience is aware of more then one of the characters in either a play or a piece of fiction to create a dramatic effect

86
Q

Ambiguity

A

When there can be more than one possible meanings or outcomes in a story, creating a sense of intrigue

87
Q

Anthropomorphism

A

When an animal takes on the characteristics of a human being, e.g. Talking, wearing cloths

88
Q

Genre

A

Category of fiction or type of text, e.g. Romance, horror, magazine

89
Q

Audience

A

Who the text is aimed at

90
Q

Purpose

A

The reason the text has been produced

91
Q

Foreshadowing

A

The hinting at things to come through early elements of a story

92
Q

Mimesis

A

Mimicry. A story, for example, may mimic the gasping breath of a pursued protagonist by using short, sharp, sentences and lots of aspirant alliteration

93
Q

Pastiche

A

A piece of art or writing that imitates a from or genre to generate humour

94
Q

Satire

A

A piece of writing or art the pokes fun at the societal establishment

95
Q

Neologism

A

A newly invented word

96
Q

Portmanteau

A

A newly invented word, created by merging two words together, for example chillax (from “chill out” and “relax”)

97
Q

Compound word

A

A word created by utilising two existing words separated by a hyphen, e.g. Global-village

98
Q

Clipping

A

Colloquial omission of parts of words to create a more casual alternative, e.g. ‘cause

99
Q

Rehtoric

A

An example of persuasive language

100
Q

Stereotype

A

A label for a social group, utilising certain characteristics of group members and applying it to everyone within the grouping

101
Q

Taboo language

A

Words that are considered socially unacceptable to say in polite, civilised society, e.g. Swear words

102
Q

Connotation

A

The associations that can be gleaned from words

103
Q

Denotation

A

The literal meaning of the words

104
Q

Irony

A

Language that conveys a meaning other than that literally expressed by words, usually for humorous effect

105
Q

Sarcasm

A

The use of language in an ironic way with the express purpose of offending the recipient in some way, e.g. “Great map reading skills”

106
Q

Euphemism

A

The polite way to say something not normally considered socially appropriate

107
Q

Dysphemism

A

An unnecessarily extreme way of saying something, not normally social appropriate

108
Q

Tagline

A

Beneath the headline, there may be a slightly smaller sentence, designed to clarify the gist of the story

109
Q

Subheading

A

Usually a one or two word, emboldened phrase that breaks up the main article

110
Q

Caption

A

Part of a multi-modal text, these will be juxtaposed with an image

111
Q

Pun

A

A play on words

112
Q

Journalese

A

The sensationalised language that is particular to tabloid newspapers

113
Q

Multiple modifiers

A

Doubling and trebling up of adjectives is used frequently in tabloid newspapers and also other genres of text

114
Q

Cliché

A

When language is used over and over until it becomes so well known that it loses its original potency, e.g. “I’m over the moon”

115
Q

Idiom

A

A saying, often a cliché where the words that make up the saying do not have the same meaning as the overall semantic effect, e.g. “You’re taking the Mickey”

116
Q

Malapropism

A

When a speaker accidentally uses the wrong word that sounds the same, e.g. “The world’s my lobster”

117
Q

Text speak

A

The phonetic spelling of text too long to type out in full on a mobile, e.g. “OMG”

A2 English Lang/lit Glossary (2 decks)

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