Terminology and X-ray Description

Question 1

What is a sprain?

Answer 1

An injury to a ligament

Graded as 1st degree (microscopic tearing), 2nd degree (partial tear), and 3rd degree (complete disruption)

Question 2

What is a strain?

Answer 2

An injury to a muscle

Grading is similar to sprains

Question 3

Define subluxation.

Answer 3

Partial dislocation of a joint

Question 4

Define dislocation.

Answer 4

Complete disassociation of a joint

Question 5

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 5

Degenerative condition of a joint

Question 6

What is osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 6

Injury to the joint surface of bone that involves detachment of the subchondral bone and its overlying articular cartilage

Question 7

Define apophysitis.

Answer 7

Inflammation in a bony prominence at the point of insertion of a tendon

Question 8

What is tendinitis?

Answer 8

Acute inflammation of a tendon

Question 9

What is tendonosis/tendonopathy?

Answer 9

Degenerative breakdown of the tendon

Question 10

Define tenosynovitis.

Answer 10

Inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Question 11

What is bursitis?

Answer 11

Inflammation of the synovial sac (bursa) that protects the soft-tissue structures

Question 12

Define spondylolisthesis.

Answer 12

The abnormal translation of one vertebra with respect to another

Question 13

What is spondylolysis?

Answer 13

A fracture of the pars inter-articularis of the vertebra, causing spondylolisthesis

Question 14

What is spondylosis?

Answer 14

Osteoarthritis of the spine

Question 15

What is abduction?

Answer 15

Movement away from the body’s midline

Question 16

What is adduction?

Answer 16

Movement toward the body’s midline

Question 17

Define eversion.

Answer 17

Rotation of the foot and ankle outward

Question 18

Define inversion.

Answer 18

Rotation of the foot and ankle inward

Question 19

What is pronation?

Answer 19

Rotary movement at the forearm where the palm rotates from a superior facing position to one facing inferiorly

Question 20

What is supination?

Answer 20

Rotary movement at the forearm where the palm rotates from an inferior facing position to one facing superiorly

Question 21

What is the range of motion description in anatomical position?

Answer 21

All joints are at zero degrees

Question 22

Define varus deformity.

Answer 22

Deformity where the distal portion is angulated toward the midline (i.e. apex lateral)

Question 23

What is an example of varus deformity?

Answer 23

Bowlegs = genu varus

Question 24

Define valgus deformity.

Answer 24

Deformity where the distal portion is angulated away from the midline (i.e. apex medial)

Question 25

What is an example of valgus deformity?

Answer 25

Knock knees = genu valgus

Question 26

What is arthrocentesis?

Answer 26

Aspiration of synovial fluid from a joint with a needle

Question 27

Define arthroscopy.

Answer 27

A surgical technique that uses a small camera (endoscope) in a joint space

Question 28

What is arthrotomy?

Answer 28

Surgical incision into a joint through the joint capsule

Question 29

What is arthrodesis?

Answer 29

Surgical fusion of a joint

Question 30

What is open reduction?

Answer 30

Surgical incision with physical visualization of the fracture site or joint

Question 31

What is closed reduction?

Answer 31

Reduction of fracture with surgery, may be done under x-ray imaging

Question 32

Define debridement.

Answer 32

Surgical removal of all contamination, ischemic/necrotic tissue and irrigation to decrease bacterial load

Question 33

What is internal fixation?

Answer 33

Surgical stabilization devices (implants) placed internally, directly on or in the bone

Question 34

What is external fixation?

Answer 34

Bulk of stabilization device outside of soft tissues and skin, connected to bone with pins or wires