Terminology and Chapter 1

Question 1

Define Dorsal.

Answer 1

Pertaining to the back or upper side.

Question 2

Defien Ventral.

Answer 2

Pertaining to the belly or underside.

Question 3

Define Medial.

Answer 3

Pertaining to to the medial plane or midline.

Question 4

Define Lateral.

Answer 4

Pertaining to the left or right side.

Question 5

Define Proximal.

Answer 5

Referring to the part of the structure closest to the main mass.

Question 6

Define Distal.

Answer 6

Referring to the part of th estructure furthest from the main mass.

Question 7

Defne Cephalic.

Answer 7

Pertaining to the head.

Question 8

Define Cephalad.

Answer 8

Toward the head.

Question 9

Define Cervical.

Answer 9

Pertaining to the neck.

Question 10

Define Thoracic.

Answer 10

Pertaining to the chest.

Question 11

Define Lumbar.

Answer 11

Pertaining to the posterior part of the trunk.

Question 12

Define Caudal.

Answer 12

Pertianing to the tail.

Question 13

Define Transverse.

Answer 13

The plane passing through body from the dorsal to ventral at right angles to the long axis.

Question 14

Define Sagittal.

Answer 14

The plane of the body passing from dorsal to ventral parallel with the long axis.

Question 15

Define Frontal.

Answer 15

The plane passing from side to side, in parallel with the dorsal surface, dividing the body into dorsal and ventral parts.

Question 16

Define Metamere.

Answer 16

One of a longitudinal series of similar sections.

Question 17

Define Parietal.

Answer 17

Pertaining to the wall of the body

Question 18

Define Visceral.

Answer 18

Pertaining to the viscera, especially the organs within the bodies cavities.

Question 19

What limits the form that any vertebrate can take?

Answer 19

The endowments handed down by remote ancestors.

Question 20

Define Larva.

Answer 20

A young organism that feeds itself, but does not fully resemble its parents and is not sexually mature.

Question 21

What is a lamprey?

Answer 21

The adult form of an ammocoete. It is slender and elongate with out fins or jaws. It lives as a parasite.

Question 22

What are some features limited to the Sub-Phylum of Chordata Verebrates?

Answer 22

1. A brain, which is an anterior enlargement of the nerve chord.
2. A blood pumping organ, the heart, situated ventral to the gut.
3. A closed blood system consisting of arteries and veins connected by capillaries.
4. Red blood corpuscles containing hemoglobin.
5. A tail extending beyond the anus.

Question 23

Define Histology.

Answer 23

Microscopic Anatomy

Question 24

What are the three sections of the Ammocoetes brain?

Answer 24

The Forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain.

Question 25

What are the three parts of the forebrain?

Answer 25

The telencephalon, the diencephalon, and the mesencephalon.

Question 26

What seperates the midbrain from the hindbrain?

Answer 26

The dorsal fissure.

Question 27

What is another name for the hindbrain?

Answer 27

The Rhombencephalon

Question 28

What represents the ears of Ammocoetes?

Answer 28

Otic Vesicles

Question 29

Where are the otic vesicles and what do they look like?

Answer 29

They are large translucient chambers on either side of the rhomencephalon.

Question 30

What partially encloses the oral cavity?

Answer 30

Two flaps enclose the oral cavity to form the oral hood.

Question 31

What is at the back of the oral cavity?

Answer 31

Oral Papillae

Question 32

What suspended structures in the mouth propel water down the pharynx?

Answer 32

the velum

Question 33

What is another name for the pharynx?

Answer 33

The foregut

Question 34

What are the functions of the pharynx?

Answer 34

respiration and nutritient absorbtion

Question 35

What is the structure of the pharynx?

Answer 35

It is made up of a series of gills with clefts to allow water in.

Question 36

How many Gill Septa are there? How many gills?

Answer 36

Check specimen

Question 37

What seperates one gill chamber from the next?

Answer 37

Septa

Question 38

What is on the posterior and anterior sides of the septa?

Answer 38

Gill filaments

Question 39

What is the name of the structure below the anterior part of the pharynx and what is its function?

Answer 39

This structure is called the endostyle, and its function is to produce mucus and take up iodine.

Question 40

What does the posterior region of the pharynx open up into?

Answer 40

The posterior portion of the pharnyx opens up into the esophogus.

Question 41

What is ventral to the esophagus?

Answer 41

the heat and liver

Question 42

What structure is contained within the liver?

Answer 42

gallbladder

Question 43

Where does digestion and absorption take place?

Answer 43

the intestine

Question 44

what partially fill the cavity of the intestine?

Answer 44

the spiral valve

Question 45

What is above the esophagus and the intestine?

Answer 45

the large posterior cardinal veins

Question 46

What tructure is closely associted with the cardinal veins?

Answer 46

the kidney

Question 47

What is the only visible part of the musculature visible in whole mounts?

Answer 47

The myotomes