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Nursing Terms 1 > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

absorption

A

movement of drug particles from the gastrointestinal tract to body fluids

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2
Q

action

A

describes the mechanism by which a specific drug produces physiologic and biochemical changes at the cell, tissue, or organ level

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3
Q

analgesia

A

drugs that relieve pain

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4
Q

adrenergic

A

term applied to nerve fibers that, when stimulated, release epinephrine at their endings

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5
Q

adverse/side effect

A

the development of undesired side effects or toxicity caused by the administration of drugs

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6
Q

agonist

A

a drug that mimics at least some of the effects of an endogenous substance

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7
Q

anaphylactoid reaction

A

an excessive allergic response to a substance manifested by wheezing, chills, generalized urticaria, diaphoresis, agitation, flushing, difficulty breathing, and or cardiovascular collapse

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8
Q

antagonist

A

blocks a celluar receptor preventing the binding and subsequent effect of an endogenous substance

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9
Q

anticoagulant

A

agent which delays or prevents blood coagulation

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10
Q

anticholinergic

A

an agent that blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses resulting in dry mouth, decreased peristalsis, constipation, urinary retention and blurry vision

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11
Q

antiemetic

A

agent that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting

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12
Q

antihistamine

A

a drug that opposes the action of histamines in the body by prohibiting an increase in gastric secretions, dilation of capillaries, constriction of bronchial smooth muscle.

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13
Q

antineoplastic

A

agent used to treat cancer

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14
Q

antitussive

A

agent that prevents or relieves coughing

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15
Q

beta blocker

A

drugs that block the action of epinephrine at a beta adrenergic receptor sites located in the myocardium and in bronchioles and vascular smooth muscle

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16
Q

bio availability

A

the rate and extent of dug absorption from any administration site into the systemic circulalation

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17
Q

bloody dyscrasia

A

pathological condition manifested by fever, sore mouth or throat, unexplained fatigue, easy bruising and bleeding

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18
Q

brand name

A

usually a registered trademark owned by a specific manufacturer also known as trade name or proprietary name.

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19
Q

broad spectrum

A

term that applies to antibiotics effectibe against a variety of microorganisms

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20
Q

cardiotonic

A

various agents, such as digialis, that increase the tone of the heart by influencing the force of muscle contractility old term for a cardiac glycoside

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21
Q

chemical name

A

name tat decribes a drugs chemical structure

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22
Q

cholinergic

A

an agent that produces the effect of the chemical transmitter acetylcholine: results in lacrimation, diaphoresis, salivation, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomittting.

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23
Q

clinical trials

A

investigational studies that test the usefulnes of drugs or treatments

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24
Q

disintegration

A

the process of breaking up: breakdown of a tablet or pill into smaller particles

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25
Q

dissolution

A

process whereby one substance is dissolved into another. The smaller particles from disintegration are dissolved in gastrointestinal fluid for absorption

26
Q

distribution

A

the dissemination of a drug to its ultimate site of action. it is impacted by the extent to which a dug is bound to plasma proteins especially albumin

27
Q

diuretic

A

an agent that increases the secretion of urine either by increasing glomerular filtrasion or by decreasing reabsorption from the renal tubules

28
Q

duration

A

average length of time a drug is present in the body and exerting its effect

29
Q

electrolytes

A

ionized substances such as acides bases and salts that are present in blood, tissue fluids, and cells. Includes salts of sodium, potassium and chloride.

30
Q

enodrine

A

refers to a gland in the body that secretes its substances (hormones) directly into the bloodsystream

31
Q

generic name

A

the offical or nonproprietary name of a drug, a universal name

32
Q

half life

A

the time required by the body, tissure or organ to metabolize or inactivate half the amount of substance taken in

33
Q

hepatotxicity

A

impairment of liver function manifested by jaundice, dark urine, pruritus, light colored stools, itching skin or rash, persistantly high elevation of liver enzymes.

34
Q

histamine blockers

A

an agent that blocks the stimulation of cells by histamine. interfering with the action of histamine rather than preventing its secretion

35
Q

loading dose

A

a largeinital dose of a drug administered to achieve rapid Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action.

36
Q

metavolism or biostransformation

A

alteration of drug ny the body into new chemicals that are less active, less toxic and more easily excreted by the body. action usually occurs in the liver.

37
Q

mineral

A

natural occuring inorganic substance that is essential to body function

38
Q

nephrotoxicity

A

impairment of kidney nephrons, manifested by one or more of the following: oliguria, urinary frequency, hematuria, fever, cloudy urine, rising BUN and serum creatinine

39
Q

onset of action

A

begines when the drug enters the plasma and continues until it reaches minimum effective concentration (MEC)

40
Q

opiod naive

A

describes patients who are receiving opioid analgesics for the first time and who therefore are unaccustomed to their effects

41
Q

opioid tolerant

A

opposite of opioid naive describes patients who have been receibing opiod analgesics for a period of time (week or longer) these patients generally require higher dosages

42
Q

opioid tolerance

A

normal lphysiologic state of adaption that results in reduced drug effects over time. larger doses are required to maintain same level of analgesia. Abrupt discontinuation of the drug results in withdrawals.

43
Q

ototoxicity

A

an impairment of the ear manifested by one or more of the following: headache, dizziness or vertigo, nausea and vomiting with motion, ataxia and nystagmus

44
Q

peak

A

refers to the time when a drug reaches its highest plasma concentration according to the route of administration, can indicate the rate of absorption of the drug.

45
Q

pharmaceutical phase

A

pase or stage of drug action in which the medication enters the body in one form and changes into another form in order to be utilized by the body

46
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

deals with interactions between chemical componets of living systems and foreign chemics including drugs that enter living organisms; the action of a drug; how a drugaffects a body

47
Q

pharmokinetics

A

describes how the body deals with the drug, including absorption, distribution, bio transformation (metabolism), and excrtion, also deals with onset, peak, and duration of the drug in the body.

48
Q

placebo

A

an inactive substance or treatment; may be used as a nonspecific or inactive contron in clinical trials approved by an IRB (institutional review board) may elicit a response due to patient expectations, deceptive use is unethical.

49
Q

pregnancy categories

A

classification of drugs according to risk-benefit ratio for mother and fetus. Categories include: A B C D X (With A being lowest risk and X being highest risk.

50
Q

protein bound

A

the binding of a drug to protiens within the body, especially albumin; protein bound drugs are not free to diffuse across the cell membrane to the final site of action

51
Q

receptor

A

a cell component that combines with a drug or hormone to alter the function of the cell

52
Q

receptor sites

A

sites on cell membranes that react with specific other chemicals to cause an effect; a drug may be effective because it reacts with a specific receptor site on particular cells in the body

53
Q

scheduled drug

A

a controlled substance such as a narcotic. controlled substances are classified as belonging to one of five schedules, 1 to V (5), according to abuse potential. I (1) having the highest and V the lowest potential of abuse.

54
Q

superinfection

A

a new infection by an organism different from the initial infection being treated by antimicrobial therapy; manifested by one or more of the following; black, hairy tongue; glossitis, stomatitis; anal iching; loose foul smelling stools; baginal itching or discharge; sudden fever or cough.

55
Q

synergistic action

A

cooperative action by two or more drugs in which one drug potentiates the other drug, resulting in an effect that is greater than the combined effect of two drugs from the same category. As a result, a smaller does of one drug (e.g. an opioid) is needed, because it is potentiated by the other drug.

56
Q

therapeutic range

A

describes those drugs concentrations below which the desired effect will be achieved and above which unacceptable toxitcy will occur

57
Q

trade name

A

same as brand name

58
Q

trough level

A

lowest plasma concentration of a drug; measures rate at which drug is eliminated.

59
Q

toxicitiy

A

the extent or quality of being poisonous

60
Q

vitamin

A

essential organic substances found in foods and needed for health and life.

Nursing Terms 1 (3 decks)

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