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Dermatology > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Macule

A

circumscribed, flat discolored lesion. <5cm in diameter

example: freckle

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2
Q

patch

A

a macule >1cm in diameter.

Flat with discolored

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3
Q

Papule

A

SOLID elevation of the skin less than 0.5cm in diameter.
Significance: infiltration of the skin with fluid, cells and or debris

Examples: pyoderma, miliary dermatitis.

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4
Q

Pustule

A

elevated lesion of the epidermis that is filled with leukocytes.
Significance: inflammation
Examples: pyoderma, autoimmune disease.

Lesions often develop from papules into pustules

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5
Q

Epidermal Collarette

A

circular ring of scale-crust representing the remains of a pustule, vesicle or bulla
Significance: remnant (footprint) of primary lesions
Examples : pyoderma (most common cause) , autoimmune disease, dermatophytosis

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6
Q

Wheal

A

edematous plaque (flat elevated lesion)
Significant: inflammation, vascular leakage. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Example: urticaria

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7
Q

Plaque

A

flat elevated lesions of the skin. >0.5 cm in diameter
Significance: cutaneous infiltration of cells or fluid
Example: feline eosinophilic plaque

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8
Q

Vesicle

A

circumscribed lesion of free fluid <0.5 cm in diameter.

significance: damage to vasculaure or (BMZ). Small blister.

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9
Q

Bulla

A

circumscribed lesion of free fluid > 0.5cm in diameter - large blister.

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10
Q

Nodule

A

solid lesion of the skin >0.5 in diameter.
Significance: cellular infiltration of the skin. (big papule)
Examples: neoplasia, granulomatous inflammation

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11
Q

Tumor

A

solid elevated lesion >1.0cm in diameter “large mass”
May involve any structure in the skin and or subcutis.
Significance: cellular infiltration of the skin
Examples: neoplasia, inflammation

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12
Q

scale

A

accumulation of dead epidermal cells on the surface.
Significance: hyperkeratosis, changed epidermal kinetics, inability to slough cells
Examples: familial seborrhea, sebaceous adenitis.

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13
Q

Follicular Cast

A

a collection fo keratin and follicular debris adhering to a hair shaft above the follicular osteum
Significance- follicular hyperkeratosis or inflammation

Example- sebaceous adenitis.
- if you don’t force this out, as the hair grows, it can come out as the hair is extruded

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14
Q

Crust

A

accumulation of cells, serum and or blood on the skin. Lay term: Scab
Significance: inflammation, leakage through the epidermis (good information on histopathology)
Examples: autoimmune diseases, pyoderma

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15
Q

Erosion

A

Definition- focal loss of epidermis not extending into the dermis
Significance: physical damage to the skin
Example: secondary to scratching or rubbing (pruritus)

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16
Q

Excoriation

A

Definition: an erosion caused by scratching
Significance: moderate to severe damage
Example: pruritus resulting in visible “scratches”

17
Q

Ulcer

A

Break in continuity of the epidermis
Significance
- severe damage to the epidermis
- indicates loss of protective functions of the epidermis
Example: infectious diseases (fungal), autoimmune diseases

18
Q

Fistulous draining tracts

A 
an ulcer (opening) in the epidermis
Allows clearing/removal of foreign material from dermis/subcutis
- foreign bodies
- hair
- parasites
Most often reflect furunclosis
19
Q

Furunculosis

A

deep infection of the hair follicle leading to abscess formation with accumulation of pus and necrotic tissue.
- body has an autoimmune response to the hair itself.

20
Q

Lichenification

A

Definition- an area of thickened epidermis, with accentuated skin markings
Significance: represents area of chronic irritation/inflammation
Example: changes secondary to rubbing (periocular)

21
Q

Comedo

A

Definition: a plug of keratinized and/or subaceous material in a hair follicle Lay term: blackhead
-when kneeding the skin for skin scrapings, follicular plugs can be seen
Significance: hyperkeratosis of the follicle, genetic influences
Example is the schnauzer comedo syndrome

22
Q

Scar

A

definition: abnormal formation of connective tissue suggesting dermal damage
Significance: area of previous damage, often irreversible
Example cicatricial alopecia due to dermatomyositis

23
Q

medical term for a scar

A

cicatrix

24
Q

Atrophy

A

definition: thinning of the epidermis or dermis as a result of loss of normal structures
Significance: physical damage, nutrient damage, alterations in growth factors or control mechanisms
Examples: fragile skin syndrome in hyperadrenocorticism. topical Glucocorticoids can cause epidermal atrophy

25
Q

Fissure

A

Definition: linear break in the epidermis with near-vertical walls
Significance: extensive damage with extension into the dermis
Example: cut on the foot pad

26
Q

Alopecia

A

definition: lack of hair where it was once present
Significance: damage to the follicle, hair shaft or alterations in growth factors
Examples: follicular dysplasia, dermatophytosis, hypothyroidism

27
Q

Arciform lesions - describe

A

Lesions in the shape of an arc or a semi-circle

28
Q

annular lesion - describe

A

lesion in the shape of a ring or circle with central clearing

29
Q

Linear lesion- describe

A

lesion oriented in a line

30
Q

Single lesion- describe

A

Solitary lesion

31
Q

Serpiginous lesion configuration

A

in an undulating line

32
Q

iris or target lesion configuration

A

bilayered circular lesion

33
Q

grouped lesion configuration

A

lesions clumped together

34
Q

confluent lesion configuration

A

merging lesions

35
Q

Intertriginous lesions

A

Lesions located in the skin folds.
Areas include- lip folds, facial folds, vulvar folds, tail folds etc.
usually represents ifnlammatory or infectious processes due to change in microenvironment of the skin in those areas

36
Q

how to communicate skin changes

A
  • Provide signalment (age, breed, sex)
    Describe the lesion
    identify and describe the configuration of the lesion
    define the distribution

Dermatology (2 decks)

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