Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Gauge

A

Commercially valueless mineral in which ore is found

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2
Q

Carlin-Type Deposit

A

A sediment-hosted, disseminated gold deposit. Gold is found microscopically within pyrite and arsenopyrite.

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3
Q

Argillization

A

Replacement of feldspars with clay minerals. Especially in wall rocks adjacent to mineral veins.

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4
Q

Carlin Trend

A

The largest and most famous trend hosting carlin-type deposits

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5
Q

Calcareous

A

To be mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate. Used as a descriptor; “Silty calcareous host rocks”

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6
Q

Sulfidation

A

The addition of sulfur to a mineral (Fe + 2S -> FeS2)

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7
Q

Epithermal System

A

network of veins and hydrothermal fluids that permeate the crust of the earth between the magma chamber
and the surface of the earth. Often have economic Au, Ag or Cu deposits.

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8
Q

Supergene Alteration

A

Alteration that is caused close to the surface, generally by meteoric water.

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9
Q

Hypogene Processes

A

Processes that occur deep below Earth’s surface and tend to form primary minerals.

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10
Q

Supergene Vs. Hypogene Processes

A

Hypogene processes occur deep below earth’s surface and tend to create primary minerals, whereas Supergene occurs near the Earth’s surface and tends to create secondary minerals.

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11
Q

Au-Rich Porphyry Copper Deposit

A

Large, relatively low grade, epigenetic, intrusion-related deposits. These deposits occur close to or in granitic intrusive rocks that are porphyritic in texture.

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12
Q

Skarn

A

Skarn is a metamorphic rock that has been chemically and mineralogically altered by metasomatism.

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13
Q

Porphyry

A

“Porphyritic”: Textural term for an igneous rock consisting of large-grained crystals dispersed in a fine-grained silicate rich, generally aphanitic matrix or groundmass. The larger crystals are called phenocrysts.

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14
Q

Metasomatism

A

The alteration of rocks by hot, chemically-active fluids that flow or diffuse through the rocks and cause recrystallization and compositional change.

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15
Q

Epigenetic

A

Formed later than the surrounding or underlying rock formation.

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16
Q

Connate Fluids

A

Fluids trapped in the pores of sedimentary rocks as they were deposited.