TERMINOLOGY

Question 1

Adiabatic cooling.

Answer 1

A process of cooling the air through expansion is better known as…

Question 2

ADVECTION FOG

Answer 2

Answer: Forms day or night as a result of moist air moving over a cold surface.

Question 3

Atmospheric Pressure?

Answer 3

Answer: It is the force per unit area exerted by the weight of the atmosphere.

Question 4

BROKEN BKN

Answer 4

BKN (5/8 to 7/8 coverage) and

Question 5

CLOUDS FEW

Answer 5

FEW (1/8 to 2/8 coverage),

Question 6

CLOUDS OVERCAST OVC

Answer 6

OVC (8/8 coverage).

Question 7

CLOUDS SCATTERED SCT

Answer 7

Answer: Scattered (SCT) is defined as 3/8 to 4/8 coverage.

Question 8

COLD FRONT

Answer 8

Occurs when a mass of cold dense stable air replaces a warm mass of air. Typically rapid moving 25-30mph with extreme fronts moving up to 60mph. The rapidly ascending air causes the temperature to decrease suddenly, forcing the creation of clouds. The slope is typically characterized as being step which forces air to rise rapidly creating cumulonimbus clouds and dangerous weather.
Prior to the passage of a typical cold front, cirriform or towering cumulus clouds are present, and cumulonimbus clouds are possible. Rain showers and haze are possible due to the rapid development of clouds. The wind from the south- southwest helps to replace the warm temperatures with the relative colder air. A high dew point and falling barometric pressure are indicative of imminent cold front passage.

Question 9

COLD FRONT

Answer 9

DURING: DROP IN TEMP, WIND BUILD UP AND SHIFT. HEAVY RAIN, HAIL, LIGHTNING.

AFTER: WIND SHIFT SHOWERS SUBSIDE. AIR PRESSURE RISES. VISIBILITY INCREASES. WIND SHIFTS FROM SW TO NW.

Question 10

COLD FRONTS ABBREVIATED

Answer 10

cold fronts bring sudden storms, gusty winds, turbulence, and sometimes hail or tornadoes.
Cold fronts are fast approaching with little or no warning, and they make a complete weather change in just a few hours. The weather clears rapidly after passage and drier air with unlimited visibilities prevail. Warm fronts, on the other hand, provide advance warning of their approach and can take days to pass through a region.

Question 11

CORIOLIS FORCE

Answer 11

CAUSED BY THE EARTH ROTATION IS WHAT GIVES WINDS WITHIN HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM THERE CLOCKWISE CIRCULATION.

Question 12

DEFINITION OF WINDSHEAR

Answer 12

Answer: Any rapid change in wind direction or velocity which causes airspeed changes greater than 15 knots or vertical speed changes greater than 500 feet per minute.

Question 13

Diurnal variation?

Answer 13

Answer: It is the change in temperature from day to night brought about by rotation of the Earth.

Question 14

HIGH PRESSURE - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

Answer 14

CLOCK WISE OUT AND DOWN. TOWARD THE LOW

Question 15

HIWAS

Answer 15

Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS[1]) is a continuous broadcast of hazardous weather information which is transmitted over selected VORs. This hazardous weather includes AIRMETs, SIGMETs, Convective SIGMETs, Center Weather Advisories (CWAs), Severe Alert Weather Watches (AWWs), and urgent PIREPs.[2]

Question 16

JET STREAM

Answer 16

Answer: The jet stream is a narrow band of strong wind (by arbitrary definition, it has wind speeds of 50knts or greater) meandering through the atmosphere at a level near the tropopause. The jet stream is always found at a vertical break in the tropopause where the tropical and polar tropopauses meet.

Question 17

LOW PRESSURE -NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

Answer 17

COUNTER CLOCKWISE TOWARD THE CENTER. ACCUMULATING IN THE CENTER. FORCING AIR IN THE CENTER TO RISE. COUNTER CLOCK, IN AND UP.

Question 18

LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM

Answer 18

Answer: Unstable and usually brings increasing cloudiness and precipitation.

Question 19

low pressure system?

Answer 19

Answer: Air flows from areas of high pressure into areas of low pressure because air always seeks out lower pressure. In the northern hemisphere, the air flows toward a low and is deflected to create a counterclockwise or cyclonic circulation. The air flows into a low pressure area to replace rising air this air tends to be unstable, and usually brings increasing cloudiness and precipitation.

Question 20

Microburst?

What is a dry microburst?

Answer 20

Answer: Microbursts are small-scale intense downdrafts which, on reaching the surface, spread outward in all directions from the downdraft center.
A dry microburst often generates a ring of dust on the surface. A microburst is defined if damaging winds extend to 2.2 miles or less horizontally.

Question 21

MOUNTAIN WAVE

Answer 21

Answer: Mountain wave occurs when air is blown over a mountain range or ridge of a sharp bluff. Generally requires winds of 30 knots or greater but may occur with winds as little as 15 knots. Creates strong updrafts/ downdrafts on lee side which can cause turbulence up to 700 miles downrange. May form lenticular clouds over peaks.

Question 22

Pressure Gradient force?

Answer 22

Answer: Pressure differences must create a force in order to drive the wind. The force is from higher pressure to lower pressure and is perpendicular to isobars or contours. This force is the pressure gradient force.

Question 23

RADIATION FOG

Answer 23

Answer:
Usually occurs;
High humidity during the early evening.
Cool cloudless nights with light winds.
Favorable topography.

Question 24

TERRESTRIAL RADIATION

Answer 24

Answer: The Earth radiates energy, this outgoing energy is terrestrial radiation.

Question 25

THERMAL LOW

Answer 25

Answer: A dry, sunny region that becomes warm from intense surface heating, thus generating a surface low.

Question 26

WARM FRONT

Answer 26

INCREASE DEW POINT AND ANT TEMP. HEAVY PRECIPITATION, EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS. LONG LASTING FOR SEVERAL HOURS MODERATE LIGHT AND STEADY INTENSITY OF WEATHER (SLOW MOVING). CENTER LF LOW PRESSURE. BAROMETRIC PRESSURE TO FALL. POOR VISIBILITY WINDS SHIFT SE TO SW.

Question 27

WARM FRONT ABBREVIATED

Answer 27

Whereas warm fronts bring low ceilings, poor visibility, and rain,

Question 28

Warm Fronts:

Answer 28

Warm Fronts:
Typically happens when a warm body or mass of air replaces a colder air mass. There characterized by their slow movement typically 10-25 mph. The slope of the advancing front is slow and gradual. They typically have saturated humid air. As the warm air rises the temperature drops and condensation occurs.
Prior to passage cirriform or stratiform clouds along with fog can be expected.
During passage and approaching a warm front
•Poor visibility but improves with variable winds
•Temperature rises steadily
•Slight rise in barometric pressure
•Stratocumulus clouds and rain showers

Question 29

AVERAGE LAPSE RATE.

Answer 29

AIR TEMPERATURE DECREASES LINEARLY WITH AN INCREASE IN ALTITUDE AT A RATE OF 2DEGREES C OR 3.5 DEGREES F PER 1,000FT. UNTIL APPROXIMATELY 36,000 FT.

Question 30

SPEED OF SOUND

Answer 30

THE SPEED OF SOUND IN AIR IS DEPENDENT ONLY ON THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR. AS THE TEMPERATURE OF AIR INCREASES, THE SPEED OF SOUND INCREASES.