Terminology Flashcards
proper noun
refer to names of people, places or important days and begin with a capital letter
e.g. Easter, Abbie, London
abstract noun
refers to states, feelings and concepts that do not have a physical existence
concrete noun
refers to objects that have a physical existence
what are the two types of concrete noun
countable - can be pluralised e.g. cup turns to cups
non-countable - do not take a plural form e.g. furniture does not become furnitures
what are the six types of verb
- dynamic/material
- stative/relational
- mental
- verbal
- auxiliary
- modal auxiliary
dynamic/material verb
shows actions, events or realisations
e.g. hit, jump, wash, build
stative/relational verb
identify properties or show states of being, there is no change just a state that is eternal
e.g. be, seem, appear, become, like (I like cats)
mental verb
show internal thought processes such as thinking and can also fall under the same label as dynamic/material verbs
e.g. I think or believe
verbal verb
show external processes of communicating through speech
e.g. say, scream, shout or whisper
primary (auxiliary verbs)
an extra ‘helping’ verb which is used in addition to a main verb usually to show a tense
e.g. we were trying, I had gone
modal auxiliary verbs
an auxiliary verb which shows degrees of possibility, probability or obligation or certainty of an action. Cannot function as a verb independently.
e.g. could, can, would, will, should, shall, may, might, must
base adjectives
the basic form of an adjective, modifying a noun
what are the two types of base adjective
premodifiers: before the noun e.g. ‘the red car’
post modifiers: after the noun with a verb e.g. ‘ the car is red’ or ‘the squirrel seems sad’
comparative adjectives
a form used to compare two instances, either adding ‘er’ or using ‘more’
modifies a noun in comparison to something else like bigger or happier
e.g. ‘the parcel was bigger’ or ‘he was more careful’
superlative adjective
a form used to compare more than two instances, identifying a most extreme example, modifies a noun in comparison to others
e.g. ‘biggest, best, worst’
what are the six types of adverb
- manner
- time
- place
- frequency
- degree
- sentence
adverbs of manner
tells us how something happened, generally ‘ly’ adverbs
e.g. ‘the dog barked loudly or the cat hissed disdainfully’
adverbs of time
tells us when something happened
e.g. ‘I want to/will go to the shops, today, later, yesterday, after, tonight’
adverbs of place
tells us where something happened
e.g. ‘he ran upstairs or I will wait here, downstairs, inside, away’
adverbs of frequency
tells us how often something happened
e.g. ‘frequently, seldom, rarely, often he bought carrots sometimes he bought peppers’
adverbs of degree
tells us how strongly a description applies, to what extent is something true
e. g. ‘I am…. hungry’ - ‘really, slightly, so, quite’
e. g. ‘she was very nervous’
adverbs of sentence
provides an attitude to a whole sentence, what is the general attitude to what happened
e. g. ‘sadly, he was unsuccessful’
e. g. ‘fortunately he liked peas’
e. g. ‘…… it is forecast to rain today’ - ‘however, inevitably, honestly, sadly’
personal pronouns
refer to people, and are differentiate in terms of person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular or plural) and gender (male or female).
1st person singular - me and I 1st person plural - we and us 2nd person - you 3rd person singular - he and she and it 3rd person plural - they and them
demonstrative pronouns
orientate the reader or listener towards a person, object or idea, either nearby or far away and completely replace the noun
e. g. this, that, these, those
e. g. this is mine’