Terminology 8/30 (1st Semester) Flashcards
Dentition
Natural teeth in the dental arch
Maxillary
Fusion of 2 bones
Mandibular
1 bone
Median line
Midline- forming equal left and right sides
MID-SAGITTAL PLANE
Quadrant
Half and arch created by median line
3 Different Characteristic of Dentition
- Form and Function
- Eruption or Exfoliation
- Attachment to the Jaw
Homodont
One form, one function, has one purpose
ex. shark (repeated dentition to pierce)
Heterodont
Several forms in the same arch
ex. humans
Incisors (8 total in the mouth)
2 per quadrant
both primary and permanent dentitions
Canine (AKA cuspid) (4 total in the mouth)
1 per quadrant
both primary and permanent dentitions
Premolars (AKA bicuspid) (8 total in the mouth)
2 per quadrant
ONLY permanent dentition
Molars (8 primary 12 permanent total in the mouth)
2 per quadrant -primary
3 per quadrant - permanent
Polyphyodontism
Many sets of teeth Continuous replacement (eruption) of teeth
Humans are classified as
- Heterodont (Form and Function)
- Diphyodont (Eruption and Exfoliation)
- Thecodont (Attachment to the Jaw)
Diphyodontism
2 sets of teeth
Human: deciduous and permanent
Primary/Deciduous
20 teeth which erupt from ages 6 months - 2 years
AKA milk teeth
Secondary Permanent
32 teeth which erupt from ages 6-12 years
Mixed dentition
When components of primary/deciduous and secondary/permanent are present
Ages 6-12 years
Functions of Dentitions
Primary
Alignment, formation, speech (anterior teeth), and mastication (chewing)
Functions of Dentitions
Secondary
Esthetics (how you look), speech, and mastication (chewing)
Functions of Dentitions
Secondary
*Succedaneous
Permanent teeth replacing deciduous
(permanent tooth succeeded a primary tooth)
20 permanent teeth that replace the primary teeth are
Functions of Dentitions
Secondary
*Nonsuccedaneous
Permanent teeth with no predecessors
Permanent molars they erupt where there were no secondary teeth
Dentition Components
Gingiva
Soft tissue surrounding the teeth
Dentition Components
Teeth
4 class traits
Incisor, Canine, Premolar, and Molar
Tissue of the Teeth
Enamel
Hardest structure in the body
No reparative capability
*Crystal (inflexible) brittle highly mineralized
Tissue of the Teeth
Dentin
Forms “bulk” of tooth Structure (most common tissue found in teeth)
has limited reparative capability (decay progresses faster)
*Absorb forces better protects enamel shock absorbing
Color of Enamel is dependent upon 3 factors
Thickness, Mineralization, and Color of the dentin beneath it
Tissue of the Teeth
Cementum
Covers dentin of root surfaces
Tissue of the Teeth
Pulp
Vascular, lymphatics, and neurological components
Pulp: Chamber
Within the crown of the tooth
Pulp: Canal
Within the roots of the tooth
Pulp: Horns
Chamber extensions toward crown of tooth
Extensions of the pulp chamber
Anatomical Crown
That portion of the tooth covered with enamel
the part of the tooth that you can see
Clinical Crown
That portion of the tooth seen in the oral cavity
That part of the tooth that you can preform a therapeutic treatment on
*Can be the same as Anatomical Crown
Anatomical Root
That portion of the tooth covered with cementum
Clinical Root
That portion of the tooth NOT seen in the oral cavity
That part of the tooth that you CAN’T preform a therapeutic treatment on
Attachment to the Jaw
Acrodont (Ex Lizard)
Teeth are fused to the height of the alveolar ridge (alveolar process, alveolar bone)
Attachment to the Jaw
Pleurodont (Ex. Alligator)
Teeth are fused to the inner surface of the alveolar ridge (alveolar process, alveolar bone)
Attachment to the Jaw
Thecodont (Ex Human)
Teeth are held in the jaw by roots
Cementoenamel (CEJ)
Cementum and enamel meet
60% Cementum overlaps onto the enamel
30% Cementum comes right up to the enamel
10% Cementum doesn’t meet enamel (leaves exposed dentin SENSITIVITY)
Dentinoenamel junction (DEJ)
Dentin meets enamel
Dentinocemental Junction (DCJ)
Dentin and cementum meet
Alveolar Process
Bone which surrounds and supports the teeth
Apical Foramen (foramena)
Opening near the apex of the tooth
Furcation
Branching of tooth with more than one root. Branches into 2 or 3 roots
Furcation
Bifurcated
Single root trunk branches into 2 roots
Furcation
Trifucated
Single root trunk branches into 3 roots
Root trunk
“Unbranched” portion of multi-rooted teeth
Root Apex
End of the root (Apical Foramen is different - in different places)
Periodontal Ligament (PDL)
Fibrous ligament that joins alveolar bone to cementum on the root surface
Gomphosis
Union of the tooth to the jaw
Special joint that holds teeth in the jaw
Primary/Deciduous Quadrant Formula
2-1-2
Incisors-Canine-Molar
Permanent/Secondary Quadrant Formula
2-1-2-3
Incisors-canine-premolars-molars
Deciduous Teeth
Universal System
Continuous lettering system
A-T (1st 20 letters of the alphabet)
Deciduous Teeth
Palmer System
A-E with quadrant designation
Deciduous Teeth
FDI/ISO System
5-8 for quadrant; 1-5 for tooth
5 UR, 6 UL, 7 LL, 8 LR
Permanent Teeth
Universal System
Continuous numbering system 1-32
Start with 1 in the UR go to UL drop down to LL and end with 32 LR
Permanent Teeth
Palmer System
1-8 with quadrant designation
Permanent Teeth
FDI/ISO System
1-4 for Quadrant 1-8 for tooth
1 UR, 2 UL, 3 LL, 4 LR
Anatomical Placement
Anterior
Incisors and Canines
Anatomical Placement
Posterior
Premolars and Molars
Sextant
Molars, Premolars
1-5 Posterior (sextant 1 UR)
28-32 Posterior (sextant 4 LL)
Sextant
Canines, Incisors
6-11 Anterior (sextant 2)
22-27 Anterior (sextant 5)
Sextant
Premolars, Molars
12-16 Posterior (sextant 3 UL)
17-21 Posterior (sextant 6 LR)
D-A-Q-T System
1. Dentition
Primary VS Permanent
D-A-Q-T System
2. Arch
Maxillary VS Mandibular
D-A-Q-T System
3. Quadrant
Left VS Right
D-A-Q-T System
4. Tooth
Type and Class
(Canine there isn’t a type because there is only 1 per quadrant)
(Incisor for the type would be central or lateral)
(premolars (1,2) and molars (1,2,3)
ISO
Double Digit Organization
Oral Cavity Arch Quadrant Sextant Teeth
ISO
Whole Mouth
00
ISO
Maxillary Area
01
ISO
Mandibular Area
02
ISO
Upper Right Quadrant
10 (11-18) Start in Anterior teeth
ISO
Upper Left Quadrant
20 (21-28) Start in Anterior teeth
ISO
Lower Left Quadrant
30 (31-38) Start in Anterior teeth
ISO
Lower Right Quadrant
40 (41-48) Start in Anterior teeth
ISO
Upper Right Sextant
Maxillary Arch
03 (Posterior)
ISO
Upper Anterior Sextant
Maxillary Arch
04 (Anterior)
ISO
Upper Left Sextant
Maxillary Arch
05 (Posterior)
ISO
Lower Left Sextant
06 (Posterior)
ISO
Lower Anterior Sextant
07 (Anterior)
ISO
Lower Right Sextant
08 (Posterior)
Descriptive Traits
Set Traits
Referring to the Dentition
Characteristics in primary and permanent dentitions (ex. enamel is thinner than in primary dentition than in the permanent dentition)
Descriptive Traits
Arch Traits
Characteristic in Maxillary or Mandibular teeth (ex. maxillary molars have 3 roots and mandibular molars have 2 roots; contrast of arch traits
Descriptive Traits
Class Traits
Place teeth in functional category
-Incisors, Canine, Premolar, and Molar
Descriptive Traits
Type Traits
Differentiate teeth with a class
*NO type trait for a Canine
Thirds of Teeth/Roots
Root Thirds
Apical, middle and cervical
Crown thirds
Cervical, middle, and occlusal/incisal
Incisal (anterior)
Occlusal (posterior)
Proximal Surface thirds
2 proximal surfaces touching each other
Labial (tongue)/buccal, middle and lingual
Labial (anterior - part toward the lips or face)
Buccal (posterior - toward the cheek)
Facial (anterior for the most part - toward the lips or face)
Direct view thirds
mesial, middle and distal
mesial (toward the midline)
distal (away from the midline)
Line Angles
Indicate where 2 surfaces meet or intersect on a tooth
posterior tooth
-buccal surface that faces the cheek
-occlusal on top of tooth
-occlusal and buccal surfaces meet we have the occlusal buccal lining
Point angles
Used to indicate where 3 surfaces meet or intersect
- facial surface
- distal surface
- incisal surface
- -called a distal incisal facial point angle
Terminology
Root
core of a word
Terminology
Combining vowel
usually “o”
Terminology
Combining form
the above 2
core of a word and usually “o”
Terminology
Suffix
3 functions
Terminology
Prefix
2 functions
C.
Dent/o, Dent/i, Odont/o
Tooth
ex. Dentist, Dentition, Orthodontist
C.
Maxill/o
Upper Jaw
C.
Mandibul/o
Lower Jaw
C.
Gnath/o
Jaw (in general not specified to either one)
C.
Or/o, Stomat/o
Mouth
C.
Cheil/o, Labi/o
Lip
C.
Lingu/o, Gloss/o
Tongue
C.
Gingiv/o
Gingiva
C.
Ment/o
Chin
C.
Bucc/o
Cheek
C.
Dentin/o
Dentin
C.
Orth/o
Straight, straighten or correct
ex orthodontist one who studies the straightening of teeth
C.
Ped/o
Child
C.
Prosth/e/o
To add
ex. prothtodontist adding teeth
C.
Palat/o
Palate
P.
a-, an-
Without
P.
anti-
Against
P.
auto-
Self
P.
dys-
Bad, painful, difficult
P.
ecto-
Outside, outer
P.
endo-
Inside, inner
P.
epi-
Over, Upon
P.
eu-
Good, well
P.
ex-
From, out from, out of
P.
extra
Outside of, beyone, in addition
P.
hyper-
Above, excessive, more than normal
P.
hypo-
Under, less than normal
P.
peri-
Around
P.
pre-, pro-
Before, in front of
P.
semi-
Half
P.
supra-, super-
Above, over, more than normal
S.
-ia, -y
Condition, process
S.
-ist
One who specializes in
S.
-itis
Inflammation
S.
-oma
Tumor, neoplasm
S.
-or
One who
S.
-osis
Abnormal Condition
S.
–algia
Pain
S.
-ology
The study of
S.
-emia
Blood condition
S.
-penia
Deficiency, lack of
S.
-otomy
Incision
S.
-ectomy
Excision
S.
-ic, -al, -ac, -ar
Pertaining to
S.
-ous
Pertaining to, containing
S.
-oid
Resembling
S.
-itic
Pertaining to inflammation
S.
-itoid
Resembling inflammation
Dentist Orthodontist Periodontist Gnathalgia Gingivitis Periodontitis Odontoma Cheilitis Glossectomy Endodontist Dysmentitis Cementoid Anemia Headache
.
Tooth Surface
Proximal (interproximal)
-Mesial
Toward the midline
Tooth Surface
Proximal (interproximal)
-Distal
Away from the midline
Tooth Surface
Lingual
Facing the tongue
Tooth Surface
Occlusal/Incisal
-Posterior
Surface facing opposite arch – chewing
Tooth Surface
Occlusal/Incisal
-Anterior
Surface facing opposite arch – cutting
Tooth Surface
Facial, Labial, Buccal
facing the lips or cheek
Facial and Labial (anterior)
Buccal (posterior)
Tooth Surface
Cervical
near the CEJ
Tooth Surface
Direct
“Center” of the surface
Surface Combinations
1st
NO proximal
Use proximal surface first when in combination
Then occlusal/incisal 1st in combination
drop “al” and place “o” in combination
3 Surface Combinations
1) Proximal
2) Occlusal/ Incisal
3) Facial/ Lingual
* With 2 proximal surfaces, mesial 1st
Tooth Morphology
Cusp
Elevation on the tooth crown
only happen in the posterior
major elevation
Tooth Morphology
Cingulum
Lingual Elevation
Tooth Morphology
Ridge
Linear Elevation on tooth
Tooth Morphology
Fossa
Shallow depression; concavity
Tooth Morphology
Develpmental grooves
Separate lobes
Tooth Morophology
Tubercule
small elevation of enamel on the crown
smaller than a cusp
Bone Terminology
Foramen
Short, window-like opening in bone
Bone Terminology
Canal/ Meatus
Long, narrow opening in bone
Bone Terminology
Fossa
Depression in bone
Bone Terminology
Tuberosity
Large, rough prominence of bone
Bone Terminology
Tubercle
Small elevation
Bone Terminology
Process
Any prominence
Bone Terminology
Sinus
Air-filled cavities in bone
Medial
Toward the midline
lateral
Away from the midline
Posterior
Back
Anterior
Front
Superior
Top
Inferior
Bottom
Dors-
Back
Ventr-
Belly
Caud-
Tail
Cephal-
Head
