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CNM Naturopathic - Biomedicine S1 > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the structures that form the body. Latin for “cutting up” like in a dissection.

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2
Q

Physiology

A

How the parts of the body work.

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3
Q

Pathology

A

Study of abnormalities from normal function.

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4
Q

Physio-

A

Greek for “nature/natural”

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5
Q

Patho-

A

Greek for “suffering” or “disease”

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6
Q

-ology

A

Study of

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7
Q

Homeo-

A

Of the same kind

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8
Q

stasis

A

Still or static

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9
Q

intra

A

inside

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10
Q

extra

A

outside

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11
Q

cellular

A

cell

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12
Q

inter-

A

between (cells)

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13
Q

-stitial

A

positioned

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14
Q

Cyto-

A

Cell (“hollow vessel”)

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15
Q

-ology

A

A field of study

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16
Q

toxic

A

poison

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17
Q

Eukaryotes

A

with nucleus

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18
Q

Prokaryotes

A

without nucleus

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19
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonuclaic acid. DNA is a self replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

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20
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid. Essential for genetics and protein

synthesis.

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21
Q

Organ-

A

The Latin ‘oganum’ meaning instrument/tool

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22
Q

organelles

A

any number of specialised structures within a living cell

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23
Q

phospho-

A

phosphate

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24
Q

lipid

A

fat

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25
Q

bilayer

A

double layer

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26
Q

trans-

A

across

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27
Q

ions

A

a molecule with an electric charge, e.g. hydrogen, sodium, potassium

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28
Q

erythro

A

red

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29
Q

genes

A

sub-sections of DNA that act as instructions to make protein. Located along chromosomes.

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30
Q

cytoskeleton

A

network of protein filaments that extends through the cytosol. Formed by microtubules and microfilaments. Help cells to generate movement, and determine cell’s physical shape. Assist in cell division.

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31
Q

mitochondria

A

second largest organelle and bean shaped. Cell powerhouses because they generate ATP.

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32
Q

ribosomes

A

act as the sites of protein synthesis. High content of RNA. They are either free (mobile) in cytoplasm or bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum (stationary).

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33
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

Network of membranes in the form of flattened sacs. Rough ER’s outer surface is studded with ribosomes and it synthesises and transports proteins. Smooth ER contains no ribosomes but contains unique enzymes and synthesises lipids and steroid hormones.

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34
Q

golgi apparatus

A

The cell post office. It modifies, sorts, packages and transports proteins received from the rough ER.

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35
Q

lysosomes

A

Special types of membrane enclosed vesicles that perform a key role in cell digestion. Contain as many as 60 powerful enzymes and recycle worn out cell structures. Also digest foreign cells.

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36
Q

lyso-

A

breakdown

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37
Q

soma

A

body

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38
Q

mito-

A

Greek for “warp thread”

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39
Q

-osis

A

process

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40
Q

meiosis

A

Greek meaning ‘diminish’. The process through wich gametes (sex cells) are formed.

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41
Q

syntheses

A

production

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42
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA

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43
Q

epi-

A

covering

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44
Q

-thelial

A

layer of cells

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45
Q

synovial

A

lubricating fluid found in many joints

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46
Q

cutaneous

A

Latin for skin

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47
Q

mucous

A

a secretion lining mucous membranes

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48
Q

serous

A

a thin watery fluid

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49
Q

parietal

A

Latin for walls of a cavity

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50
Q

viscera

A

referring to organs of the body

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51
Q

supine

A

lying face UP

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52
Q

prone

A

lying face DOWN

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53
Q

medial

A

nearer the midline

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54
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

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55
Q

bilateral

A

both sides

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56
Q

unilateral

A

one side

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57
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side

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58
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side

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59
Q

proximal

A

nearer the trunk

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60
Q

distal

A

further from the trunk

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61
Q

anterior

A

nearer the front

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62
Q

posterial

A

nearer the back

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63
Q

superior

A

towards the top

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64
Q

inferior

A

towards the bottom

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65
Q

coronal/frontal plane

A

separating the body front and back

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66
Q

saggital plane

A

separating the body left and right

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67
Q

horizontal/transverse plane

A

separating the body top and bottom

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68
Q

osteo-

A

bone

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69
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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70
Q

-clasts

A

broken

71
Q

-blast

A

immature

72
Q

osteogenic cells

A

unspecialised stem cells (like fetus)

73
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone building cells that synthesise and secrete collagen and other components of the bony matrix (like teenager)

74
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells that have had a full life and maintain the daily metabolism of bone (like retiree)

75
Q

peri-

A

layer surrounding

76
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft

77
Q

endo-

A

within

78
Q

chondral

A

cartilage

79
Q

calcitonin

A

a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels

80
Q

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

a hormone that increases blood calcium

81
Q

ortho-

A

correct or straighten

82
Q

dontist

A

teeth

83
Q

bursae

A

purse or pouch

84
Q

callus

A

mass of tissue

85
Q

-porosis

A

porous

86
Q

-malacia

A

softening

87
Q

hyper-

A

elevated

88
Q

calc

A

calcium

89
Q

-aemia

A

in the blood

90
Q

myelo-

A

marrow

91
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

92
Q

ankylosis

A

fusion

93
Q

sponylo-

A

spine

94
Q

thermo-

A

heat

95
Q

genesis

A

creation

96
Q

sphincter

A

a circular muscle

97
Q

sacro-

A

muscular

98
Q

plasm-

A

from ‘plasma’, meaning fluid

99
Q

myo-

A

muscle

100
Q

globin

A

sphere/protein

101
Q

fibril

A

relating to fibre/filament

102
Q

neuro-

A

nerves

103
Q

sacro-

A

muscular

104
Q

-mere

A

part

105
Q

a-

A

absence

106
Q

hyper-

A

increase

107
Q

-trophy

A

growth in size, development

108
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

109
Q

aerobic

A

with oxygen

110
Q

an-

A

without

111
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown

112
Q

globin

A

a spherical protein

113
Q

hyper-

A

boyond normal

114
Q

glyco-

A

sugar

115
Q

-lytic

A

to release

116
Q

occiput

A

back of head

117
Q

frontalis

A

front

118
Q

orbi

A

circular

119
Q

oculi

A

eye

120
Q

sterno

A

sternum

121
Q

mastoid

A

mastoid process of the temporal bone

122
Q

cleido

A

clavicle

123
Q

trapezi

A

trapezoid shape

124
Q

latissimus

A

widest

125
Q

dorsi

A

of the back

126
Q

quad

A

four

127
Q

lumbo

A

lumbar region

128
Q

pector

A

chest

129
Q

major

A

largest

130
Q

rectus

A

fascicles parallel to midline

131
Q

transversus

A

across

132
Q

flexor

A

decreases angle

133
Q

carpi

A

wrist

134
Q

extensor

A

increase angle

135
Q

glute

A

buttock

136
Q

gastro-

A

belly

137
Q

cnem

A

leg

138
Q

arrector

A

Latin for “to raise”

139
Q

pili

A

Latin for hair

140
Q

-plasia

A

formation or development

141
Q

-algia

A

painful condition

142
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

143
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

144
Q

ptosis

A

from greek word “fall”

145
Q

alveolar

A

air sacs in lungs

146
Q

macrophages

A

phagocytes (white blood cells)

147
Q

mucocillary escalator

A

hairs that remove foreign particles out of respiratory tract

148
Q

concha

A

Latin for ‘shell’

149
Q

olfactory

A

smell

150
Q

para-

A

beside

151
Q

carina

A

ridge

152
Q

surfectant

A

surface & active substance

153
Q

apex

A

tip/peak

154
Q

ventus

A

Latin for ‘wind’

155
Q

oxy-

A

oxygen

156
Q

haem-

A

blood

157
Q

chemo-

A

chemical

158
Q

dys-

A

difficulty

159
Q

pnoea

A

breathing

160
Q

rhin-

A

nose

161
Q

oedema

A

fluid swelling

162
Q

peri-

A

Greek for ‘around’

163
Q

abcess

A

collection of pus

164
Q

dys-

A

difficulty

165
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing

166
Q

pharyng

A

pharynx

167
Q

tachy

A

rapid

168
Q

-pnoea

A

breath/breathing

169
Q

pulmonary

A

lungs

170
Q

thorax

A

cavity under the ribs

171
Q

pneumo-

A

lungs or air

172
Q

-crine

A

to secrete

173
Q

-pepsia

A

relating to digestion

CNM Naturopathic - Biomedicine S1 (1 decks)

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