Terminology Flashcards
Neoplasm
Mass of uncontrolled cells
Tumor
Swelling, Oma
Cyst
Encapsulated swelling
Oncology
Cancer
Greek for swelling
Lipoma
Fatty tumor
Osteoma
Bone tumor
Carcinoma
Epithelial tumor (skin)
Sarcoma
Connective tissue tumor
Carcinomas
Arise from embryonic ectoderm
Sarcomas
Embryonic mesoderm
Anaplastic
Describes cancer cells that divide rapidly and have little or no resemblance to normal cells
Metastasis
Cancerous
Malignant tumors metastasize
Refers to spread of location of cancer, primary areas of body ; spreading through blood and lymphatic a most common
Exophytic
Protruding
Ex: hairy leukoplakia
Endophytic
Below normal tissue
Hyperkeratosis
Thickening of keratin layer
Leukoplakia
“White plaque” descriptive term that doesn’t refer to histological appearance, but considered to be precancerous
Leukoedema
Bluish tint on buccal mucosa
Verrucous
Wart like
Erythroleukoplakia
Intermixed red and white lesions. Epithelial cells immature and can’t produce keratin
*bad
Erythro
Red
Leuko-
Plakia-
White
Plaque
Sanguinaria
Herbal extract
High association with leukoplakia in mx vestibule
Ultraviolet radiation
Actinic cheilosis
Mild epithelial dysplasia
Cellular alterations limited to basal layer
Moderate epithelial dysplasia
Involvement from basal layer to mid portion of spinous layer
Severe epi dysplasia
Deeper alterations from basal layer to level above midpoint and may involve duct of a minor salivary gland
Carcinoma in situ
When entire thickness of epithelium is involved (top to bottom change)- no invasion has occurred=no metastasis
*earliest form of cancer
Slaked
Fermented
Trismus
Lock jaw
BCC
Most common cancer in face and scalp,
No tendency to spread,
Usually 100% recovery
SCC
Most common cancer of oral cavity,
Epidermoid carcinoma
Furtherback
Greater chance of metastasizing
Neoplasia
New cell growth, cell exhibit uncontrolled growth
Not coordinated with growth of adjacent cells
Pleo
Many
Odont
Tooth
Osteoma
Benign tumors composed of mature bone tissue
- mimic tori, but develop later in life
- gardners syndrome, multiple osteomas
Osteosarcoma
Cancer of bone tissue
Osteolytic
Produces large irregular radiolucency in mand
Osteoblastic
Produces a radiolucency in mand with irregular pattern of heavy bone radiating out from the edge of sunburst pattern
Rhabdomyoma
Benign tumor of mature striated skeletal muscle cell origin
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Malignant tumor of striated skeletal muscle
*primarily a childhood tumor seen in children younger than age 10
Leukemia
Malignancy of white blood cells
Lymphoma
Group of malignancies involving leukocytes (usually t and b)
Hodgkins lymphoma
Malignancy cancer of the lymphatic system
- painless enlargement of 1 or more cervical lymph nodes
- diagnosis made through exam of lymph nodes and the finding of reed sternberg cells
Endemic burkitts
Believed to be caused by Epstein Barr virus, 1st identified in African American children.
*painless intraosseous Max lesions, can cause facial deformity, tooth mobility, and premature exfoliation of primary teeth
Sporadic burkitts
Believed to be caused by w chromosomal abnormality.
*1st developed in American children, develop abdominal tumors with rare jaw involvement
Cysts are defined as
Pathological cavities of either bone or soft tissue that are lined with epithelium
Odontogenic cysts
Develop from epithelial tissue of dental origin or tooth forming tissue
Developmental or fissural cysts
Thought to form because of inclusion of epithelial tissue during the embryonic process when the facial processes fused
Oncogenic viruses
Tumor producing or agent with potential to cause development
Lymphangioma
Benign, congenital tumor present at or shortly after birth. Comprised of a slowly enlarging proliferation of lymphatic vessels
Hemangioma
Benign, congenital tumor seen shortly after birth
- composed of a large tangle of blood vessels
- most common location head and neck.
- usually resolve by age 5 or 6
Angiosarcoma
Malignancy of blood vessels
*patients tend to be elderly and present a bruise of the scalp or forehead that does not heal.
Koposi syndrome
Type of Angiosarcoma that is associated with human herpes virus 8 (hhv8)
- tumors benign as flat painless mascular lesions that grown into nodules.
- associates with immune suppression patients
