Terminology Flashcards
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of…
the brain and spinal cord.
The ________ is where all of the cranial nerves are housed, mostly in the ___________.
Brain
Brainstem
Sensory information is received and motor information is sent through the…
peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The central nervous system (CNS) is…
imperative in our knowledge related to dysphagia.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of what types of nerve cells:
Sensory nerve cells
Motor nerve cells
The sensory cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)…
send information to the central nervous system (CNS) from internal organs or from external stimuli.
The motor cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)…
carry information from the central nervous system (CNS) to organs, muscles and glands.
The motor component of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) can be divided into two subsystems:
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
The somatic nervous system is a subsystem of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that controls:
Skeletal muscles
External sensory organs (such as skin)
The autonomic nervous system is a subsystem of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that controls…
involuntary muscles such as smooth muscle fibers and cardiac muscle fibers.
The autonomic nervous system is a subsystem of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that can be further divided into two additional subsystems:
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system is a division of the autonomic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that controls…
activities that increase energy expenditures.
The somatic nervous system is a subsystem of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that is also known as…
the voluntary nervous system.
The autonomic nervous system is a subsystem of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that is also known as…
the involuntary nervous system.
The somatic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is said to be voluntary because…
the responses can be controlled consciously.
The exception to the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are…
reflex actions of skeletal muscle.
Though part of the somatic (voluntary) nervous system of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), reflex actions of skeletal muscle are
involuntary reactions to external stimuli.
The parasympathetic nervous system is a division of the autonomic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that controls…
activities that conserve energy expenditures.
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) controls various functions which include:
Inhibiting heart rate
Constricting pupils
Contracting the bladder
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) controls various functions which include:
Speed up heart rate
Dilate pupils
Relax the bladder
Which division of the autonomic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is responsible for the fight, flight or freeze response?
Sympathetic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system division:
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory
Motor
Somatic (voluntary) nervous system
Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects to various organs and structures of the body through:
12 pairs of cranial nerves (head & upper body)
31 pairs of spinal nerves (remainder of body)
Some cranial nerves contain only…
sensory neurons.
Most cranial nerves and all spinal nerves contain…
both sensory and motor neurons.
Afferent neuron impulses travel…
from the sensory receptors of the body to the brain.
Efferent neuron impulses travel…
from the brain to the limbs and organs of the body to deliver a motor response.
Afferent vs. Efferent
AFFERENT neurons cause the brain to be AFFECTED by the environment;
EFFERENT neurons help the brain EFFECT change on the environment.
Most of the cranial nerves for the swallowing processes are housed in the…
reticular formation.
The reticular formation is…
an inner core of gray matter found in the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
A lower motor neuron (LMN) is…
an nerve cell that has its body is in the spinal chord and its termination in a skeletal muscle.
The loss of lower motor neurons leads to…
weakness, fasiculations, flaccidity and atrophy of the affected muscle(s).
An upper motor neuron is…
a neuron that starts in the motor cortex of the brain and terminates within the medulla oblongata or within the spinal cord.
Damage to upper motor neurons can result in…
spasticity and exaggerated reflexes.
The pons houses cranial nerve(s):
V: Trigeminal
VI: Accessory
VII: Facial
The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is…
a group of cells in the medulla oblongata that is involved in the sensory component of autonomic systems that control visceral organs, such as the heart and lungs.
The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) contains…
fibers of the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) nerves.
