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Cranial Nerves And Dysphagia: Making The Connection > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of…

A

the brain and spinal cord.

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2
Q

The ________ is where all of the cranial nerves are housed, mostly in the ___________.

A

Brain

Brainstem

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3
Q

Sensory information is received and motor information is sent through the…

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS).

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4
Q

The central nervous system (CNS) is…

A

imperative in our knowledge related to dysphagia.

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5
Q

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of what types of nerve cells:

A

Sensory nerve cells

Motor nerve cells

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6
Q

The sensory cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)…

A

send information to the central nervous system (CNS) from internal organs or from external stimuli.

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7
Q

The motor cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)…

A

carry information from the central nervous system (CNS) to organs, muscles and glands.

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8
Q

The motor component of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) can be divided into two subsystems:

A

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

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9
Q

The somatic nervous system is a subsystem of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that controls:

A

Skeletal muscles

External sensory organs (such as skin)

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10
Q

The autonomic nervous system is a subsystem of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that controls…

A

involuntary muscles such as smooth muscle fibers and cardiac muscle fibers.

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11
Q

The autonomic nervous system is a subsystem of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that can be further divided into two additional subsystems:

A

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

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12
Q

The sympathetic nervous system is a division of the autonomic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that controls…

A

activities that increase energy expenditures.

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13
Q

The somatic nervous system is a subsystem of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that is also known as…

A

the voluntary nervous system.

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14
Q

The autonomic nervous system is a subsystem of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that is also known as…

A

the involuntary nervous system.

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15
Q

The somatic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is said to be voluntary because…

A

the responses can be controlled consciously.

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16
Q

The exception to the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are…

A

reflex actions of skeletal muscle.

17
Q

Though part of the somatic (voluntary) nervous system of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), reflex actions of skeletal muscle are

A

involuntary reactions to external stimuli.

18
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system is a division of the autonomic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that controls…

A

activities that conserve energy expenditures.

19
Q

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) controls various functions which include:

A

Inhibiting heart rate
Constricting pupils
Contracting the bladder

20
Q

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) controls various functions which include:

A

Speed up heart rate
Dilate pupils
Relax the bladder

21
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is responsible for the fight, flight or freeze response?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

22
Q

Peripheral nervous system division:

A

Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory
Motor
Somatic (voluntary) nervous system
Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system

23
Q

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects to various organs and structures of the body through:

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves (head & upper body)

31 pairs of spinal nerves (remainder of body)

24
Q

Some cranial nerves contain only…

A

sensory neurons.

25
Q

Most cranial nerves and all spinal nerves contain…

A

both sensory and motor neurons.

26
Q

Afferent neuron impulses travel…

A

from the sensory receptors of the body to the brain.

27
Q

Efferent neuron impulses travel…

A

from the brain to the limbs and organs of the body to deliver a motor response.

28
Q

Afferent vs. Efferent

A

AFFERENT neurons cause the brain to be AFFECTED by the environment;

EFFERENT neurons help the brain EFFECT change on the environment.

29
Q

Most of the cranial nerves for the swallowing processes are housed in the…

A

reticular formation.

30
Q

The reticular formation is…

A

an inner core of gray matter found in the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

31
Q

A lower motor neuron (LMN) is…

A

an nerve cell that has its body is in the spinal chord and its termination in a skeletal muscle.

32
Q

The loss of lower motor neurons leads to…

A

weakness, fasiculations, flaccidity and atrophy of the affected muscle(s).

33
Q

An upper motor neuron is…

A

a neuron that starts in the motor cortex of the brain and terminates within the medulla oblongata or within the spinal cord.

34
Q

Damage to upper motor neurons can result in…

A

spasticity and exaggerated reflexes.

35
Q

The pons houses cranial nerve(s):

A

V: Trigeminal
VI: Accessory
VII: Facial

36
Q

The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is…

A

a group of cells in the medulla oblongata that is involved in the sensory component of autonomic systems that control visceral organs, such as the heart and lungs.

37
Q

The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) contains…

A

fibers of the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) nerves.

Cranial Nerves And Dysphagia: Making The Connection (1 decks)

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