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terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Cell membrane

A

The protective membrane of the cell that allows things to go in and out if the cell

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2
Q

Semi/selectively permeable

A

Allows some molecules through while keeping some out

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3
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

Microscopic

A

Something that is so small that it can only be seen with a microscope

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7
Q

Nuclear pore

A

Channel that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the
Cytoplasm.

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9
Q

Chromatin network

A

Contains hereditary information – genetics

Dna rna and protein

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11
Q

Tissue

A

Similar cells from the same origin that carry out a specific function

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12
Q

Organ

A

A part of the organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function.

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13
Q

System

A

A set of organs in the body, with a common structure or function.

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14
Q

Organism

A

An individual animal, plant or single-celled life form.

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15
Q

Unicellular

A

Consisting of a single cell

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16
Q

Multicellular

A

Having or consisting of many cells

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17
Q

Microscope

A

Optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, typically magnified several hundred times.

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18
Q

Turgid

A

Swollen and distended or congested.

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19
Q

Flaccid

A

Soft and hanging loosely or limply, especially as to look or feel unpleasant.

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20
Q

Tonoplast

A

A membrane that bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell.

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21
Q

Phospholipid

A

A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

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22
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.

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23
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Tending to repel or fail to mix with water.

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24
Q

Lipid

A

fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

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25
Q

matrix

A

the substance between cells or in which structures are embedded

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26
Q

nucleolus

A

a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.

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27
Q

vacuole

A

a space within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.

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28
Q

glucos

A

a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

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29
C6 H12 O6
chemical formula for glucose.
30
mitochondria/mitochondrion
respiration and energy production occur. it has a double membrane, the inner part being folded inwards to form layers (Cristae)
31
gene
a unit of hereditary which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring
32
variation
the occurrence of an organism in more than one distinct color or form.
33
nucleoplasm
the substance of a cell nucleus, especially that not forming part of a nucleolus.
34
cristae
each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane.
35
Nucleus
Produces protein
36
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
37
DNA
The material found in cells that carries hereditary information
38
Cell
The smallest unit of all living organisms
39
Organelle
Specialized structures found inside living cells that preform specific functions for the cell.
40
Cytoplasm
Thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane
41
ribosomes
cell organelles that consist of RNA and proteins
42
nuclear envelope
the outer and inner membrane
43
rough endoplasm reticulum
a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell studded with ribosomes and involved in transport of materials.
44
cell wall
supports, strengthens and protects the cell - only in plants - gives shape
45
cellulose
a carbohydrate found in primary cell walls - fibre for humans, but herbivores digest
46
lignin
waterproof substance found in some secondary cell walls.
47
totally permeable
allows any molecules through
48
pits
thinner areas of a cell wall, allows for communication between cells.
49
plasmodesmata
channels in cell wall where cytoplasmic stands go through from one cell to next (for communication) (telephone wire)
50
middle lamella
joins two cells that are next to each other (like cement between two bricks)
51
pectin
a carbohydrate present in cell walls
52
Primary cell wall
the thin flexible pat of the cell wall where cell growth takes place
53
secondary cell wall
forms inside the primary cell waall when it is finished growing - full of lignin
54
chloroplast
gives plant their green colour, responsible for photosynthesis
55
plastid
any small, double membrane organelle of a plant cell occurs in different varieties.
56
double membrane
having two membranes
57
stroma
similar to cytoplasm, same function, photosynthesis takes place
58
thykaloid
contains chlorophyll, absorbs radiant energy for photosynthesis
59
lamella
protects thylakoid, provides surface area for absorption of radiant energy for photosynthesis
60
granum
provides increased surface area for maximum absorption of radiant energy for photosynthesis
61
intergranum
conects granum together
62
cuticle
a protective film covering the epidermis of leaves
63
upper epidermis
protective top outer layer of plant cell - prevents water loss by evaporation
64
lower epidermas
covered with stomata (tiny holes that regulate gas exchange)
65
mesophyll
photosynthetic tissue of leaf between upper and lower epidermis
66
chlorenchyma cells
provide structural support in growing shoots and leaves
67
inner membrane
transports phosphates (inside chloroplast)
68
thylakoid membrane
absorbs radiant energy by chlorophyl
69
chromoplast
gives colour to plant in fruit chloroplast becomes chromoplast
70
leucoplast
main starch strong plastid
71
xylem
a type of vascular tissue in plants used to transport water and nutrients

Biology (3 decks)

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