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Biology > terminology > Flashcards

terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Cell membrane

A

The protective membrane of the cell that allows things to go in and out if the cell

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2
Q

Semi/selectively permeable

A

Allows some molecules through while keeping some out

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3
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

Microscopic

A

Something that is so small that it can only be seen with a microscope

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7
Q

Nuclear pore

A

Channel that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the
Cytoplasm.

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9
Q

Chromatin network

A

Contains hereditary information – genetics

Dna rna and protein

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11
Q

Tissue

A

Similar cells from the same origin that carry out a specific function

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12
Q

Organ

A

A part of the organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function.

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13
Q

System

A

A set of organs in the body, with a common structure or function.

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14
Q

Organism

A

An individual animal, plant or single-celled life form.

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15
Q

Unicellular

A

Consisting of a single cell

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16
Q

Multicellular

A

Having or consisting of many cells

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17
Q

Microscope

A

Optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, typically magnified several hundred times.

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18
Q

Turgid

A

Swollen and distended or congested.

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19
Q

Flaccid

A

Soft and hanging loosely or limply, especially as to look or feel unpleasant.

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20
Q

Tonoplast

A

A membrane that bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell.

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21
Q

Phospholipid

A

A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

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22
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.

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23
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Tending to repel or fail to mix with water.

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24
Q

Lipid

A

fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

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25
Q

matrix

A

the substance between cells or in which structures are embedded

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26
Q

nucleolus

A

a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.

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27
Q

vacuole

A

a space within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.

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28
Q

glucos

A

a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

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29
Q

C6 H12 O6

A

chemical formula for glucose.

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30
Q

mitochondria/mitochondrion

A

respiration and energy production occur. it has a double membrane, the inner part being folded inwards to form layers (Cristae)

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31
Q

gene

A

a unit of hereditary which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring

32
Q

variation

A

the occurrence of an organism in more than one distinct color or form.

33
Q

nucleoplasm

A

the substance of a cell nucleus, especially that not forming part of a nucleolus.

34
Q

cristae

A

each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane.

35
Q

Nucleus

A

Produces protein

36
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid

37
Q

DNA

A

The material found in cells that carries hereditary information

38
Q

Cell

A

The smallest unit of all living organisms

39
Q

Organelle

A

Specialized structures found inside living cells that preform specific functions for the cell.

40
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane

41
Q

ribosomes

A

cell organelles that consist of RNA and proteins

42
Q

nuclear envelope

A

the outer and inner membrane

43
Q

rough endoplasm reticulum

A

a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell studded with ribosomes and involved in transport of materials.

44
Q

cell wall

A

supports, strengthens and protects the cell - only in plants - gives shape

45
Q

cellulose

A

a carbohydrate found in primary cell walls - fibre for humans, but herbivores digest

46
Q

lignin

A

waterproof substance found in some secondary cell walls.

47
Q

totally permeable

A

allows any molecules through

48
Q

pits

A

thinner areas of a cell wall, allows for communication between cells.

49
Q

plasmodesmata

A

channels in cell wall where cytoplasmic stands go through from one cell to next (for communication) (telephone wire)

50
Q

middle lamella

A

joins two cells that are next to each other (like cement between two bricks)

51
Q

pectin

A

a carbohydrate present in cell walls

52
Q

Primary cell wall

A

the thin flexible pat of the cell wall where cell growth takes place

53
Q

secondary cell wall

A

forms inside the primary cell waall when it is finished growing - full of lignin

54
Q

chloroplast

A

gives plant their green colour, responsible for photosynthesis

55
Q

plastid

A

any small, double membrane organelle of a plant cell occurs in different varieties.

56
Q

double membrane

A

having two membranes

57
Q

stroma

A

similar to cytoplasm, same function, photosynthesis takes place

58
Q

thykaloid

A

contains chlorophyll, absorbs radiant energy for photosynthesis

59
Q

lamella

A

protects thylakoid, provides surface area for absorption of radiant energy for photosynthesis

60
Q

granum

A

provides increased surface area for maximum absorption of radiant energy for photosynthesis

61
Q

intergranum

A

conects granum together

62
Q

cuticle

A

a protective film covering the epidermis of leaves

63
Q

upper epidermis

A

protective top outer layer of plant cell - prevents water loss by evaporation

64
Q

lower epidermas

A

covered with stomata (tiny holes that regulate gas exchange)

65
Q

mesophyll

A

photosynthetic tissue of leaf between upper and lower epidermis

66
Q

chlorenchyma cells

A

provide structural support in growing shoots and leaves

67
Q

inner membrane

A

transports phosphates (inside chloroplast)

68
Q

thylakoid membrane

A

absorbs radiant energy by chlorophyl

69
Q

chromoplast

A

gives colour to plant in fruit chloroplast becomes chromoplast

70
Q

leucoplast

A

main starch strong plastid

71
Q

xylem

A

a type of vascular tissue in plants used to transport water and nutrients

Biology (3 decks)

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