Terminology Flashcards
epistemology
Epistemology (ἐπιστήμη, episteme-knowledge, understanding; λόγος, logos-study of) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge and is also referred to as “theory of knowledge”. Put concisely, it is the study of knowledge and justified belief. It questions what knowledge is and how it can be acquired, and the extent to which knowledge pertinent to any given subject or entity can be acquired. Much of the debate in this field has focused on the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to connected notions such as truth, belief, and justification.
ontology
Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations. Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics, ontology deals with questions concerning what entities exist or can be said to exist, and how such entities can be grouped, related within a hierarchy, and subdivided according to similarities and differences.
aetiology
1 Medicine the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition. the importance of sunlight in the aetiology of melanoma. [ count noun ] : a group of distinct diseases with different aetiologies.
• the causation of diseases and disorders as a subject of investigation.
2 the investigation or attribution of the cause or reason for something, often expressed in terms of historical or mythical explanation.
Wiki
Etiology (/iːtiˈɒlədʒi/; alternatively aetiology) is the study of causation, or origination. The word is derived from the Greek αἰτιολογία, aitiologia, “giving a reason for” (αἰτία, aitia, “cause”; and -λογία, -logia).
diagnosis
1 the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms: early diagnosis and treatment are essential
2 the distinctive characterization in precise terms of a genus, species, or phenomenon.
ORIGIN late 17th cent.: modern Latin, from Greek, from diagignōskein ‘distinguish, discern’, from dia ‘apart’ + gignōskein ‘recognize, know’.
WIKI
Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines with variations in the use of logics, analytics, and experience to determine “cause and effect”. In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
governmentality
Governmentality is a term coined by philosopher Michel Foucault, and refers to the way in which the state exercises control over, or governs, the body of its populace.
WIKI
Governmentality is a concept first developed by the French philosopher Michel Foucault in the later years of his life, roughly between 1977 and his death in 1984, particularly in his lectures at the Collège de France during this time.
The concept has been elaborated further from an “Anglo-Neo Foucauldian” perspective in the social sciences, especially by authors such as Peter Miller, Nikolas Rose, and Mitchell Dean. Governmentality can be understood as:
the way governments try to produce the citizen best suited to fulfill those governments’ policies
the organized practices (mentalities, rationalities, and techniques) through which subjects are governed[1]
Governmentality may also be understood as:
the “art of government”[2]
the “how” of governing (that is, the calculated means of directing how we behave and act)[3]
“governmental rationality”[4]
“a ‘guideline’ for the analysis that Michel Foucault offers by way of historical reconstructions embracing a period starting from Ancient Greece right through to modernity and neo-liberalism”[5][6][7]
“the techniques and strategies by which a society is rendered governable”[8]
