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English Language AS > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

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0
Q

What are active verbs?

A

Where the person/thing doing the action is the subject of the verb

E.g the MINISTER has issued an apology

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1
Q

What are adverbs?

A

Words that usually describe verbs and often have ‘ly’ at the end

E.g quickly

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2
Q

What are passive verbs?

A

Where the thing that has been done is the subject of the verb

E.g an APOLOGY has been issued by the minister

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3
Q

What are pronouns?

A

Words that take the place of nouns

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4
Q

What are the 7 types of pronouns?

A 
Demonstrative 
Personal
Possessive 
Relative
Reflexive 
Indefinite
Interrogative
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5
Q

What are possessive pronouns?

A

Pronouns that show possession i.e hers

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6
Q

What are reflexive pronouns?

A

Pronouns that end in ‘self’ and ‘selves’

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7
Q

What are demonstrative pronouns?

A

Pronouns that have a sense of pointing at something

E.g this, that

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8
Q

What are indefinite pronouns?

A

Pronouns that don’t refer to specific people or things

E.g no one, anything

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9
Q

What are relative pronouns?

A

They are linking words in a sentence

E.g a city THAT HAS people

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10
Q

What are interrogative pronouns?

A

Pronouns used when asking a question , the 4 pronouns used are Who, whose, which, what

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11
Q

What are conjunctions?

A

Words that join together words in a sentence

E.g and, but

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12
Q

What are prepositions?

A

Point out how one thing relates to another examples are prepositions that relate to position (at,on) direction (to,past) and time (before)

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13
Q

What are determiners?

A

Words that come before nouns

E.g the

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14
Q

What is a definite article?

A

The

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15
Q

What is an indefinite article?

A

A

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16
Q

What are possessive and demonstrative determiners?

A

Possessive determiners are pronouns such as ‘hers’ where as demonstrative determiners are ‘this, that and these’

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of sentence?

A

Compound, complex and simple

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18
Q

What is ellipsis?

A

When a word is missed out in a sentence

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19
Q

What are relative clauses?

A

Clauses that usually include pronouns, who whose, which or that

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20
Q

What are adverbial clauses?

A

Clauses that explain when, where or why something happened

E.g before, because

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21
Q

What is a simple sentence?

A

A sentence with one clause

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22
Q

What is a compound sentence?

A

Two or more simple sentences joined together by a coordinating conjunction

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23
Q

What is a complex sentence?

A

Where one or more of the clauses is less important that the main clause

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24
Q

What are the 4 sentence functions?

A

Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamative

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25
Q

What is a declarative sentence?

A

A sentence that’s a statement

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26
Q

What is an interrogative sentence?

A

A sentence that’s a question

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27
Q

What is an imperative sentence?

A

A sentence that gives instructions

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28
Q

What is an exclamatory sentence?

A

A sentence with an explanation mark

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29
Q

What is a morpheme?

A

The smallest unit of language that has a meaning or function (can be either a letter or group of letters)

E.g er , ly , a

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30
Q

What are affixes?

A

Morphemes that have been added to the begging or end of the word. An affix at the beginning of the word is a prefix and an affix at the end is a suffix

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31
Q

What is a free morpheme?

A

Morphemes that can stand alone as words and where their structure can’t be broken down

E.g orange

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32
Q

What is a bound morpheme?

A

Morphemes the can’t stand alone and have to be attached to another morpheme

E.g er, un

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33
Q

What are derivational affixes?

A

They can be used through the use of prefixes,suffixes or both

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34
Q

What are derivational suffixes?

A

They usually change the word class of the word they are added to

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35
Q

What is a denotation?

A

The meaning of a word

36
Q

What are connotations?

A

Associations that a word has

E.g winter - cold, dark nights

37
Q

What is lexis?

A

Vocabulary

38
Q

What is a lexical field?

A

A group of words that link by having associated meanings

E.g football, half time

39
Q

What is an example if a hypernym and a hyponym?

A

Hypernym - flower (general)

Hyponym - daisy (specific)

40
Q

What are synonyms?

A

World that have similar meanings

E.g talk, chat

41
Q

What are antonyms?

A

Word meanings that are opposite

E.g hot, cold

42
Q

What is a metaphor?

A

Describing something as if it is actually something else

43
Q

What is a idiom?

A

An expression that can’t be understood from the meaning of the individual words in the expression

E.g face the music

44
Q

What are collocations?

A

Groups of words that are commonly found next to each other

E.g it’s a long way

45
Q

What is a phoneme?

A

The smallest unit of sound in a language

E.g A

46
Q

What are prosodic features?

A

Non-verbal features of speech such as tone and pitch

47
Q

What are auxiliary verbs?

A

A verb places in front of a main verb

E.g can

48
Q

What is an example of an adjacency pair?

A

A question followed by an answer

49
Q

What is convergence and divergence?

A

Convergence- When two peoples speech styles move closer to each other
Divergence- when two peoples speech styles move away from each other

50
Q

What is ellipsis?

A

When words in a sentence are missing

E.g ‘might be’ rather than ‘I might be’

51
Q

What is Elision?

A

Missing vowel or syllable in a word

E.g ‘gunna’ rather than ‘going to’

52
Q

What is idiolect?

A

A unique form of language used by a single person

53
Q

What is euphemism?

A

Using a mild expression rather than an offensive one

E.g ‘sugar’ instead of ‘shit’

54
Q

What is intertextuality?

A

When a text makes reference to another text

55
Q

What are semantics?

A

The study of the word meanings

56
Q

What are model auxiliary verbs?

A

Words that can be used to sound more polite or change the meaning of something

E.g must, can, should

57
Q

What are comparative adjectives?

A

Adjectives that have ‘er’ added to them and can be formed when ‘more’ is put in front of them

E.g hotter, more beautiful

58
Q

What are superlative adjectives?

A

Adjectives that have ‘est’ added to them or can be formed when ‘most’ is put in front of them

E.g hottest, most beautiful

59
Q

What are adjectives?

A

Describing words that are used to describe nouns

60
Q

What is a noun?

A

Naming words for people, places and objects

61
Q

What are concrete nouns?

A

Refer to things that physically exist

E.g chair

62
Q

What are collective nouns?

A

Refer to groups if people, animals or objects

E.g flock of sheep

63
Q

What are the 3 primary verbs?

A

Be
Have
Do

64
Q

What are abstract nouns?

A

Things that don’t physically exist

E.g feelings, love

65
Q

What are verbs?

A

Words that refer to either physical or mental actions

E.g jump, that ‘seems’ unfair

66
Q

What are proper nouns?

A

Usually begin with capital letter and refer to people and places

E.g Dom, Paris

67
Q

What are common nouns?

A

Refer to types of people and places, less specific

E.g man, city

68
Q

What are the 5 types of nouns?

A 
Proper nouns
Common nouns
Concrete nouns 
Abstract nouns 
Collective nouns
69
Q

What are auxiliary verbs?

A

Verbs that are out in front of main verbs

E.g I ‘must have’ knew

70
Q

What is colloquialism?

A

Informal language

E.g arse

71
Q

What is phatic talk?

A

Like small talk

E.g ‘hi, you okay?’ ‘Yes thanks’

72
Q

What are the 4 functions of language?

A

Referential function
Expressive function
Transactional function
Interactional function

73
Q

What is the referential function of language?

A

Giving information

74
Q

What is the expressive function of language?

A

Expressing feelings

75
Q

What is the transactional function?

A

Emphasis on getting something

76
Q

What is the interactional function?

A

Social relationship shown

77
Q

What is inexplicit?

A

When we don’t explain ourselves in detail

78
Q

What is tenor?

A

The tone or relationship between the author and the reader and how it’s created

79
Q

What are themes?

A

Ideas and images in the text?

80
Q

What is personification?

A

When non-human things are given human qualities

E.g the trees danced in the wind

81
Q

What is pre-modification?

A

When descriptive words come before the thing they are describing

82
Q

What is post-modification?

A

When descriptive words come after the thing they are describing

83
Q

What are examples of paralinguistic features?

A

Body language, laughing

84
Q

What is back channeling?

A

Making noises such as ‘hm’ to show the person you’re listening

85
Q

What is the mode of a text?

A

If it is written or spoken

86
Q

What is a tagged question?

A

A question added onto a statement

87
Q

What is GAPS when analysing a text?

A

Genre
Audience
Purpose
Subject

English Language AS (1 decks)

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