Terminology Flashcards
Cardiomyopathy
Disease of the myocardium (the middle layer of the heart)
Cardiocele
A herniation or protrusion of the heart
Cardiologist
A physician who specializes in the study of cardiology (the heart)
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart
Cardiotomy
Incision in the heart wall
Carditis
Inflammation of the heart
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the skin
Cytology
The study of the cell
Dermatologist
The study of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin
Dermatosis
Any cutaneous abnormality or eruption relating to the skin
Disease
Interruption, cessation or disorder of a body, system, or organ structure or function…illness or sickness
Duodenal
Of or relating to the duodenum (the first division of the small intestine)
Duodenitis
Inflammation of the duodenum
Electrocardiogram
A record if electrical waves given off by the heart
Etiological
The science and study of the causes of disease
Gastrectomy
Removal of part or all of the stomach
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach
Gastroduodenostomy
When a new opening is made to form a new connection between the stomach and duodenum
Gastroenterology
The study of the function and disorders of the stomach
Gastromegaly
Enlargement of the stomach
Gastroscopy
Inspection of the interior of the stomach through an endoscope
Leukemia
When too many leukocytes are present in the blood (cancer of the blood)
Leukocyte
White blood cell
Leukocytosis
An abnormally large number of leukocytes
Pathologist
One who studies the functional changes in the body produced by a disease
Pathology
The study of the functional changes in the body produced by a disease
Adenectomy
Removal of a gland
Adenitis
Inflammation of a gland
Adenoma
Tumor of a gland
Arthritis
Inflammation of a joint
Arthrocele
Herniation of a joint
Arthroplasty
Surgery to realign or reconstruct a joint
Arthrotomy
Incision into a joint
Carcinoma
Cancerous tumor
Cephalic
Of or pertaining to the head
Chondritis
Inflammation of bone and cartilage
Dentalgia
Pain in the tooth
Colostomy
A surgical procedure to make a new opening into the colon
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
Encephalocele
Hernia in the brain
Encephaloma
Tumor in the brain
Encephalomyelitis
Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
Endocarditis
Inflammation if the endocardium
Endosteoma
A tumor in the bone
Exogenous
Originating outside the organism
Histology
The study of tissues
Hyperemesis
Excessive vomiting
Hypertrophy
Enlargement of an organ
Hypodermic
Related to the layer just beneath the skin
Intercostal
Occurring between the ribs
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx
Lipoid
A fat like substance
Lipoma
A fatty tumor
Morphology
The study of the forms and structure of organisms
Oncology
The study of tumors
Osteitis
Inflammation of the bone
Osteomalacia
Softening of the bones
Thyroidectomy
Removal of all or part of the thyroid
Tracheobronchitis
Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi
Tracheomegaly
Enlargement of the trachea
Tracheotomy
Incision into the trachea
Abdominal
Of or pertaining to the abdomen
Abdominocentisis
Surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity
Abduction
Movement away from the midline
Adduction
Movement toward the midline
Aneurysm
Blood-filled dilatation of a blood vessel or weakening of the vessel’s wall
Anomaly
Deviation or departure from the normal
Apnea
Temporary cessation of breathing
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries
Arteriospasm
Spasm of one or more arteries
Bradycardia
Slowing of the pulse rate to less than 60
Bradypnea
Abnormal slowness of breathing
Cardiocentisis
Surgical puncture of the heart
Cephalic
Pertaining to the head
Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder’s wall
Cholelithotomy
Incision into the gallbladder in order to remove gallstones
Cryptorchidism
Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum
Cystitis
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
Cystocele
Herniation of the urinary bladder
Cystotomy
Incision into the urinary bladder
Dyspepsia
Painful, difficult, or disturbed digestion
Dyspnea
Painful or difficult breathing
Hematologist
A physician specializing in the study of blood
Hemolysis
Breaking down or dissolution of blood cells
Hernia
Protrusion of an organ through the structure or muscle that usually contains it
Hydrocephalus
Accumulation of watery fluid in the cranial cavity
Hydrophobia
Irrational fear of water
Hydrotherapy
The use of water to relieve discomfort and promote physical well-being.
Hysterectomy
Surgical removal of the uterus
Hysteropexy
Surgical fixation of a displaced uterus
Hysterotomy
Incision into the uterus
Kinesiology
The study of the motion of the human body
Lithotomy
Incision of a duct or organ for removal of calculi
Myosclerosis
Hardening of muscle tissue
Myospasm
Spasmodic contraction of a muscle
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney
Nephrolith
Calculus formed in the kidney (renal calculus or kidney stones)
Nephromegaly
Enlargement of the kidney
Nephroptosis
Downward displacement of a kidney.
Neurofibroma
A tumor of fibrous connective tissue and nerve tissue
Neurolysis
The destruction of nerve tissue
Orchidectomy
Surgical removal of one or both testes
Otitis
Inflammation of the ear
Pyelitis
Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney
Pyeloplasty
Reconstructive surgery of the pelvis of the kidney
Pyogenic
Producing pus
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the mucous lining of the nose
Rhinoplasty
Reconstruction of the nose
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heart rate
Tachypnea
Very rapid breathing
Thoracic
Of or pertaining to the thorax
Thoracocentisis
Surgical puncture and drainage of the thoracic cavity
Thoracotomy
Incision into the chest wall
Ureterolithotomy
Incision of a ureter for removal of calculus
Ureterotomy
Incision into the ureter
Urethrotomy
Incision of the urethra
Colic
Severe abdominal pain caused by spasm
Enterocele
Herniation of the small intestine
Colitis
Inflammation of the colon
Enteroclysis
Irrigation of the small intestine
Enterotoxin
Poisoning of the small intestine
Esophagogastroscopy
Inspection of the esophagus and stomach via a scope
Gastrectasia
Dialation, stretching of the stomach
Gastrorrhagia
Hemorrhage of the stomach
Gingivectomy
Excision of gum tissue
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver
Hepatorrhagia
Hemorrhage of the liver
Pancreatectomy
Excision of part of the pancreas
Proctoscopy
Examination of the anus and rectum
Rectal
Of, or pertaining to the rectum
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth
Stomatorrhagia
Hemorrhage of the mouth
Acute
Illnesses that appear quickly and can be serious or life-threatening
Analgesia
Without pain
Anemia
Deficiency of red blood cells
Anesthesiologist
One who specializes in administering an anesthetic to a patient before being treated
Anorexia
Eating disorder usually characterized by refusal to maintain a normal minimal body weight
Antipyretic
A medication that reduces fever
Asymptomatic
Neither causing nor exhibiting symptoms of disease
Cardiorrhexis
Rupture of the heart
Chondrodysplasia
An inherited skeletal disorder beginning before birth; cartilage is converted to bone resulting in dwarfism
Atrophy
Wasting away, deterioration
Chronic
Of long duration; continuing
Cystorrhexis
Rupture of the bladder
Hypothermia
Abnormally low body temperature
Hysterorrhexis
Rupture of the uterus
Lithotripsy
Crushing of kidney stones by means of a lithotripter (ultrasound machine)
Cyanoderma
Blue skin
Localized
Restricted to a particular place
Macrocephalus
An individual with an abnormally large head
Malaise
A general state of ill-being or the feeling of poor health
Melanocarcinoma
A malignant melanoma derived from epithelial tissue
Micrometer
Instrument used for measuring extremely small distances
Morbidity
The quantity or state of being diseased
Mortality
The number of deaths in a given period
Nausea
Sensation of discomfort, or queasiness, in the stomach
Neuromyelitis
Inflammation of the spinal cord and nerve
Neurotripsy
The surgical crushing of a nerve
Palliative
Relieving or soothing the symptoms of a disease or disorder without effecting a cure
Diagnosis
The determination of the nature of a case of a disease
Defibrillation
Procedure using electrical spark is utilized to shock the heart and bring about a slower and regular heartbeat
Dysplasia
Abnormality of development
Edema
Edema is a condition of abnormally large fluid volume
Embolus
Foreign or abnormal particle circulating in the blood (air bubble, blood clot, cholesterol)
Generalized
Involving the whole of an organ
Embolism
Sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus
Hematemesis
The vomiting of blood
Hyperesthesia
Increased sensitivity to stimulation
Hyperpnea
Abnormal increase in breathing
Hyperpyrexia
Abnormally high fever
Hypoesthesia
Decreased sensitivity to stimulation
Hypoplasia
Incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue
Paroxysmal
Having the characteristic of a paroxysm
Peripheral
Pertaining to the outside, surface, or surrounding area of an organ
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
Polyarthritis
Inflammation of several joints
Polyuria
Excessive amounts of urine
Prodromal
Signs of the onset of disease
Prognosis
Forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disorder
Prophylactic
A prophylactic agent, such as a vaccine or drug.
Symptom
Evidence of disease or of a patient’s condition
Symptomatic
Pertaining to or of the nature of a symptom
Syndrome
A set of symptoms occurring together
Systematic
In an organized matter
Tinnitus
Hearing ringing, buzzing, or other sounds without an external cause
Thrombus
Blood clot
Benign
Not recurrent; favorable for recovery.
Thrombosis
Blood clot (thrombus) occluding a vessel
Biopsy
Removal and examination, usually microscopic, of tissue from the living body
Ectopic
Located away from normal position.
Endocystoscopy
Examination of the inside of the bladder
Epigastric
Above the stomach
Lumbar
Lower back…situated between the lowest ribs and the pelvis
Endogenous
Originating within an organism, tissue or cell
Tumor
Swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation; morbid enlargement
Thrombocyte
Cell that aids in clotting
Macrocyte
Abnormally large cell
Polydactylism
Many toes/Many digits
Cyst
Sac or pouch containing fluid
Distal
Part located farthest from the trunk
Dorsal
On or near the back
Infiltration
Slipping into and between normal cells of the body
Lateral
Farther from the midline
Lesion
Area of unhealthy tissue
Malignant
Resists treatment and tends to be life threatening
Medial
Closer to the midline
Proximal
Nearest to the point of attachment to the trunk
Metastasis
Movement of cells from one part of the body to another
Neoplasm
New, abnormal tissue mass
Papilla
Small, nipple like structures
Papilloma
Hypertrophied papilla covered by a layer of skin
Papule
A pimple or red elevated spot on the skin
Polyp
Tumor with a little foot or stem
Cardiac Arrest
Stopped heart
Defibrillation
Heart shocked to a regular heartbeat
Embolus
Foreign particle in the bloodstream
Embolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel due to an embolus
Esthesia
Feeling, sensation
Fibrillation
Very fast, irregular heartbeat
Amniocentesis
Puncturing of the amniotic sac to withdraw fluid
Amnion
Thin transparent sac containing the fetus and the fluid surrounding the fetus
Amniotic Fluid
Fluid that protects the fetus from injury and helps regulate temperature
Embryo
Second stage of gestation 3-8 weeks
Endometrium
Inside lining of the uterus
Labor
Parturition…the process by which a baby is born and the placenta expelled from the uterus
Gestation
An ovum develops into a child during a period from conception to birth
Mammary
Pertaining to the breast
Mastectomy
Excision of the breast
Mastitis
Inflammation of the mammary gland
Myometritis
Inflammation of muscle layer of the uterus
Neonatal
Pertaining to a recently born child
Parturition
Another term for labor
Perineum
The region of the external female genitals between the vaginal lip and the anus
Peritoneum
Lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Fetus
The beginning of the 9th week of pregnancy
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum (lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities)
Placenta
A vascular structure in which the fetus absorbs oxygen and nutrients and excretes carbon dioxide and waste.
Postpartum
After labor is completed
Blepharedema
Excess fluid in the tissues of the eyelid
Blepharoptosis
Prolapse (drooping) of the eyelid
Corectasia
Dilation of the pupil
Corectopia
A misplaced pupil
Coreoplasty
Surgical procedure for correcting a deformed pupil
Corneal
Of, or pertaining to the cornea (transparent tissue covering the eye)
Diaphragm
Dome-shaped muscle that provides most of the force necessary for inspiration and expiration of air
Hemoptysis
Spitting blood
Iridectomy
Excision of part of the iris
Iridocele
Hernia of the iris
Iritis
Inflammation of the iris
Keratome
Instrument for cutting the cornea
Keratoplasty
Surgical repair of the cornea
Laryngeal
Of or pertaining to the larynx (voice box)
Keratotomy
Incision into the cornea
Laryngospasm
Spasm of the voice box
Nasolacriminal Duct
Structure that empties tears into the nasal cavity
Nasopharyngitis
Inflammation of the nose and the pharynx (aka common cold)
Keratoscleritis
Inflammation of the cornea and the sclera (white of the eye)
Opthalmalgia
Pain in the eye
Opthalmoscope
A lighted instrument used to look into the eye
Opthalmologist
One who studies the eye
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx
Pharyngotomy
An incision into the pharynx
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura (a membrane that envelopes the lungs)
Pleurocentesis
Surgical puncture of the pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
Collection of air in the chest cavity
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs caused by a virus
Retinitis
Inflammation of the retina
Retinopathy
Disease of the retina
Retinoscopy
Examination of the retina through a scope
Sclerectomy
Excision of part of the sclera (the white of the eye)
Sclerotome
An instrument used to cut into the sclera (the white of the eye)
Rhinorrhagia
Severe bleeding from the nose
Thorax
Chest cavity
Thoracocentesis
Puncture into the chest cavity to remove fluid
Epistaxis
Bleeding from the nose
Tracheostomy
To form a new opening into the trachea