Terminology Flashcards
prokaryotic
Eubacteria and archaea
Single celled
No nucleus or organelles
eukaryotic
Plants, fungi, animals
Single celled
Multicellular
Have nuclei and organelles
microbiota
micro organisms of a particular cite, habitat, geological period
Ex. bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, viruses
microbiome
combined genomes of a microbiota
genome
“blueprint”
complete set of genetic material (usually DNA sometimes RNA) in an organism
genome expression
“what we get out of the blueprint”
process by which information stored in a gene is used to make a protein which determines cell function
transcriptome
the collection of RNA molecules present in a cell at a particular time
maintained through transcription
DNA Microarray
gives a picture of the transcriptome
transcription
copying of DNA segments into mRNA
proteome
collection of proteins in a cell and maintained through translation
2D Gel Electrophoresis
gives snapshot of the proteome
translation
process by which mRNA is read by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into proteins
central dogma of molecular biology
Genome (DNA) -> Transcriptome (RNA) -> Proteome (Protein)
refers to the process of how DNA is read to make proteins
interactome
protein - protein interactions
metabolome
small molecule metabolites
“nutrients, waste, all the other stuff”
RNA polymerase
enzyme that transcribes DNA into RNA to make mRNA during transcription
promoter
region of DNA that RNA polymerase binds to that indicates where transcription should start
RNA polymerase holoenzyme
core enzyme (RNA polymerase) + sigma factor
