Terminology

Question 1

lymphocytes

Answer 1

type of white blood cell

Question 2

heritability

Answer 2

contribution of genetic differences to trait differences

Question 3

somatic mutations

Answer 3

alternations in DNA sequeces in somatic cells after fertilization

Question 4

chromatin

Answer 4

A highly organized condensed structure made up of DNA, RNA, and proteins that forms the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.

Question 5

epigenome

Answer 5

• multitude of chemical compounds that can tell the genome what to do.
• chemical compounds and proteins that can attach to DNA and direct such actions as turning genes on or off, controlling the production of proteins in particular cells.

Question 6

gene

Answer 6

segment of DNA

Question 7

gene expression

Answer 7

• process where a gene is used to synthesize a product (protein, ribosomal RNA, tRNA, small nuclear RNA)

Question 8

knock-out

Answer 8

knocking out a gene => study effect on cell to figure what the function of the gene was

Question 9

somatic cell

Answer 9

soma (Greek: body); are diploid
Include bone, muscle, and nerve cells

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

contain two sets of chromosomes

Question 11

genome

Answer 11

the complete set of genetic information in an organism

Question 12

nucleotide

Answer 12

• What: molecules that make up nucleic acids
• made of 3 main components: Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base
• SUGAR: 5 carbon sugar
• also carry adenosine triphosphate

Question 13

nucleic acid

Answer 13

• biopolymers (polymer: repeated units of monomers) made up of nucleotides (monomers)
• hold genetic information and carrry other functions
• DNA and RNA
• nucleotide chains

Question 14

Primary, canonical, fundamental units of genetic code: 5 nucleobases that make up nucleotides

Answer 14

A adenine
G guanine
U uracil
T thymine
C cytosine

Question 15

DNA nitrogenous base pairings

Answer 15

A - T
C - G

Question 16

RNA nitrogen bases pairings

Answer 16

U - A
C - G

Question 17

Protein

Answer 17

• biopolymers made up of amino acids

Question 18

neuroethology

Answer 18

study of neural basis of an animal’s behaviour

Question 19

releasers

Answer 19

stimulus that activates the fixed action pattern or instinctive behaviours

Question 20

four major types of glia in vertibrate nervous system

Answer 20

Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, astrocytes, microglia

Question 21

neurons