Terminology Flashcards
define ischemia and give an example
lack of blood flow to specific part of body, leading to reduced oxygen and nutrient supply to that area. eg. heart attack
define paresthesia
abnormal sensations like tingling or numbness without a clear cause
hepatic vein
returns blood from liver to heart
hepatic artery
supplies O2 rich blood from heart to liver
portal vein
carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to liver
GI tract veins
transport absorbed nutrients to portal vein
liver
receives nutrients from digestive tract, processes them for distribution across body
biliary system
includes gallbladder, bile ducts which conducts bile from liver to gallbladder to intestines
serum bilirubin
bilirubin- substance produced during normal breakdown of RBCs, passes through liver and excreted in stool
urine bilirubin
in liver disease- can leak into blood and urine
Alanine transaminase (ALT)
enzyme found in liver, converts proteins into energy for liver cells
aspartate transaminase (AST)
enzyme that helps metabolize AA
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
enzyme found in liver and bone- important for breaking down proteins
prothrombin time
time it takes your blood to clot; increased PT indicate liver dmg
International normalized ratio (INR)
blood test tells you how long it takes for your blood to clot
GGT
gamma-glutamyl transferase; enzyme found in liver; test to see liver conditions
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by virus, bacteria, toxin, obstruction, parasite
alcohol liver disease
form of toxic liver injury related to chronic ethanol consumption
steatohepatitis
non-alcoholic cause (NASH); form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
ascites
excess fluid in abdominal cavity
cirrhosis
replacement of functional hepatocytes by fibrotic cells; scarring of liver
meld scoring
scoring system to determine eligibility for transplant
varices
extremely dilated bulging veins due to high pressure
hepatic encephalopathy (HE)
syndrome of impaired mental status & abnormal neuromuscular function resulting from liver failure
sarcopenia
loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength
oral preparatory phase
chewing, form bolus
oral transit phase
food bolus moved to back of mouth via tongue
pharyngeal phase
food enters upper throat, soft palate elevates, epiglottis closes off trachea
esophageal phase
food enters esophagus and propelled to stomach
oropharyngeal dysphagia
“high”; difficulty moving food to back of mouth and begin swallowing process
esophageal dysphagia
“low”; food/liquid stops in esophagus
What does IDDSI stand for?
international dysphagia diet standardization initiative
gyri
peaks of brain
sulci
grooves of brain
frontal lobe
thinking, planning, emotion
parietal lobe
sensory- pain, touch, taste, temperature, pressure
temporal lobe
hearing, auditory functions, role in memory and emotions
occipital lobe
processes visual info
cascading effect
once one neuron dies, those around it may be affected and die too
brain plasticity
ability of other neurons to take on function of dead neurons
spinal cord injury (SCI)
injury to spinal cord involving fracture, compression of vertebrae with consequent dmg to nerve cells
decubitus ulcers
pressure ulcers/bed sores
stroke
sudden disruption of blood flow to brain;
