terminology

Question 1

morphology

Answer 1

building words out of smaller parts

Question 2

syntax

Answer 2

how words, and larger-than-word units of meaning, are combined to make sentences

Question 3

derivational morphology

Answer 3

builds new words out of existing ones

Question 4

inflectional morphology

Answer 4

makes grammatical changes to existing ones

Question 5

root

Answer 5

a morpheme that can stand on its own and can usually form a word in its own right

Question 6

suffix

Answer 6

a morpheme that comes after a root word to modify its meaning

Question 7

prefix

Answer 7

a morpheme that goes before a root word to modify its meaning

Question 8

affix

Answer 8

the overall term for an additional to a root (prefix/suffix) to modify its meaning or create a new word

Question 9

subject

Answer 9

acts as the key focus of the clause and is often the focus of a relational verb process or the agent of a material verb process

Question 10

object

Answer 10

identifies the entity being acted on by the action of a verb process

Question 11

complement

Answer 11

is the attribute of a subject in a relational verb process

Question 12

adverbial

Answer 12

identifies the circumstances of a verb process in terms of time, place or manner

Question 13

independent/ main clause

Answer 13

a group of words that includes a subject and a verb. can stand alone; its meaning does not depend on the parts of the sentence

Question 14

dependent/ subordinate clause

Answer 14

cannot stand alone in a sentence. its meaning is dependent on the main clause

Question 15

declarative

Answer 15

makes a statement

Question 16

exclamatory

Answer 16

ends with an exclamation mark

Question 17

imperative

Answer 17

gives a command (begins with a verb)

Question 18

interrogative

Answer 18

a question

Question 19

progressive aspect

Answer 19

expresses an ongoing action and is formed using the present participle of a verb

Question 20

perfective aspect

Answer 20

expresses the completion of an activity and is formed using the past participle of a verb

Question 21

active voice

Answer 21

the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb

Question 22

passive voice

Answer 22

the subject is acted upon by the verb

Question 23

predicate

Answer 23

a grammatical term to describe anything in a sentence that isn’t the subject

Question 24

agent

Answer 24

in a sentence an agent performs the action of a verb. often the agent appears at the start of a sentence and is the same thing as the subject

Question 25

patient

Answer 25

is affected or acted upon by a verb. often the patient is an object

Question 26

conditional

Answer 26

x depends on y

Question 27

simple sentences

Answer 27

contain one clause. this means they contain only one Verb phrase

Question 28

compound sentences

Answer 28

contain at least two clauses. this means they contain at least two verb phrases

Question 29

complex sentences

Answer 29

contain at least two clauses. this means they contain at least two verb phrases

Question 30

compound-complex sentences

Answer 30

contain at least three clauses. this means they contain at least three verb phrases

Question 31

participles

Answer 31

a verb form that is derived from a verb but is used s an adjective

Question 32

semantics

Answer 32

the study of meaning

Question 33

collocations

Answer 33

words that are commonly associated with each other

Question 34

synonyms

Answer 34

words which are linked by the same meanings

Question 35

hypernyms

Answer 35

category words

Question 36

hyponyms

Answer 36

types of things

Question 37

antonyms

Answer 37

words which are pairs of opposite meanings