Terminology Flashcards
Phonology
the linguistic study of speech sounds and manual units and how they change depending on their contexts eg. rhyme, alliteration
Abstract noun
A noun not visible or physically present eg love, death, fear
Prosody/Prosodic features
Patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry
Stress implied on certain words
Pronoun
A way to address someone
> Personal ‘I’ ‘me’
Collective ‘we’ ‘us’ ‘they’
Semantics
Meaning of a word
Adjective
Describing word
>Pre modifying
> Post modifying
Verb
A doing word eg. run, pondered, screeched
Adverb
Describes verb/ ‘ly’ words
Can be pre/post modifying asw!
Pragmatics
The study of lang, how we communicate in certain contexts and cultures
eg.How are you?- implies greeting, not an acc q.
What time do you call this?-implies lateness
Simile
A word/ phrase to compare two things to each other eg ‘shine like a diamond’
Metaphor
A phrase that has a hidden meaning to connote something else
eg ‘two storey building…runs between the L&N tracks and the river.’
Alliteration
When multiple words in conjunction w each other begin w same letter
eg monkey marcus
Discourse
Written/ spoken communication, usually a debate
Three main sentence types
Simple
Compound
Complex
Four main sentence moods
Indicative, imperative, subjunctive, infinitive
Minor sentence
Incomplete sentence that still makes sense w/o the missing info
Personification
Providing human qualities for inanimate objects
Assonance
repitition of vowels w/o repitition of consonants
Proper noun
Name of people, places
Onomatopoeia
a word phonetically imitating its spelling eg oink, meow
Hyperbole
Exaggerated lexis eg hungry enough to eat a horse
Euphemism
A milder phrase that connotes a blunter meaning eg sexual innuendo, expletives
Antithesis
When something is the opposite of something else
Imagery
Visual
Olfactory
Gustatory
Thermal
Tactile
Adjacency pairs
Utterances of two speakers, one after the other
Back channelling
Feedback given when someone else is talking to show interest eg mhm, yeah, right
Elision
Omission of a sound/syllable when speaking eg i dont know > i dunno
Ellipsis
Punctuation suggesting a cliffhanger, open ended
DOT DOT DOT
Filler
Used in spoken lang to show apprehension/ give more thinking time eg maybe, perchance, erm,well
Hedges
Spoken lang; expresses abiguity & may be used to gain thinking time eg um err
Phatic talk
Small talk/ social communication to establish social relationships/ maintain them
Tag question
A short phrase with ‘isn’t it?’ added to the end to gain an opinion
Vocative
Politeness associated w adress/ formal address eg sir madam
Idiolect
Speech habits associated with a particular person
Accent
A lilt to someones vernacular thats indicative of their geographical placement, social class etc
Dialect
form of lang associated w specific geographical region
Contraction
Shortening of phrases- could have to could’ve
Rhetorical interogative
A question asked without an intention of an answer from the reciever
Syntax
Arrangement of words ina specific order
Suprasegmental features
Speech features eg tone, rhythm,volume, pitch, intonation
Standard English
accepted written/spoken lang, can be spoken with an accent but must just be grammatically correct engliish
Cohesion
words following a coherent pattern
