Terminology Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is meant by a gene?
A gene is a piece of code in the body that specifically alters an area of the body (for example a gene that specifically codes the eyes)
What is an allele?
Something inside of a gene that codes how a specific body part will look.
What is a dominant and recessive allele?
A dominant allele will always be expressed whilst a recessive allele will only be expressed if there are two copies of that allele.
What is a genetic cross?
A genetic cross is something that presents how likely it is that the offspring of two parents will have specific traits. This is measured through the alleles of both parents.
What is a Punett’s Square?
This is a table that shows which alleles the offspring could inherit.
What is genetic engineering?
When scientists genetically modify organisms to give them specific traits.
What is cloning?
Cloning is genetically identical asexual reproduction.
What is selective breeding?
This is when two of the same organism are bred together to get a specific trait for the offspring. Selective breeding is done over many generations to express that specific trait as much as possible.
What is a genetic dissorder?
A dissorder that the offspring of an organism may inherit through their parents
What is an environmental factor and a genetic factor?
Environmental factor is something that changes an organism’s characteristics according to the environment they are inside or what they decide to do with their body.
Genetic factor is a factor that cannot be changed at birth.
What is homozygous and heterozygous?
Homozygous is when an organism has two of the same gene but heterozygous is when an organism has one of each gene.
What is artificial insemination?
When humans inject sperm from one animal into another of the same animal that is a female.
