Terminology

Question 1

phospholipids

Answer 1

major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers

Question 2

amphipathic

Answer 2

of or relating to a molecule that possesses both hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements

Question 3

hydrophobic

Answer 3

lacking an affinity for water; insoluble in water; repelling water

Question 4

hydrophilic

Answer 4

of, relating to, or having a strong affinity for water.

Question 5

glycerol

Answer 5

The glycerol backbone is found in lipids known as glycerides

Question 6

phosphate

Answer 6

essential for the production of energy, muscle and nerve function, and bone growth

Question 7

Fatty acids

Answer 7

the building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat

Question 8

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 8

describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.

Question 9

Solidification

Answer 9

a process in which atoms are converted into an ordered solid state from a liquid disordered state

Question 10

Peripheral proteins

Answer 10

a class of membrane proteins that attach to the lipid bilayer, acting on the lipid-water interface

Question 11

integral proteins

Answer 11

any protein which has a special functional region for the purpose of securing its position within the cellular membrane

Question 12

amino acids

Answer 12

molecules that combine to form proteins.

Question 13

membrane proteins

Answer 13

a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with, the membrane of a cell or an organelle.

Question 14

Net Diffusion

Answer 14

when the flow of solute particle moving in one direction is bigger than the flow of solute particles moving in the opposite direction.

Question 15

equilibrium

Answer 15

a state of balance between opposing forces or actions that is either static

Question 16

solute

Answer 16

A substance that is dissolved in a solution

Question 17

tonicity

Answer 17

The capability of a solution to modify the volume of cells by altering their water content

Question 18

isotonic

Answer 18

Solute conc is same as that inside cell; no net water movement across plasma
membrane

Question 19

hypertonic

Answer 19

any external solution that has a high solute concentration and low water concentration compared to body fluids

Question 20

Hypotonic

Answer 20

it has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution

Question 21

osmoregulation

Answer 21

the process of maintaining salt and water balance (osmotic balance) across membranes within the body.

Question 22

protist

Answer 22

any eukaryotic organism (that is, an organism whose cells contain a cell nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus.

Question 23

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

the passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient

Question 24

channel proteins

Answer 24

a type of transport protein

Question 25

carrier proteins

Answer 25

bind specific solutes and transfer them across the lipid bilayer

Question 26

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 26

moves sodium and potassium ions against large concentration gradients

Question 27

Electrochemical gradient

Answer 27

a measure of the free energy available to carry out the useful work of transporting the molecule across the membrane.

Question 28

hydrophilic

Answer 28

relating to, or having a strong affinity for water

Question 29

bulk transport

Answer 29

materials are transported from the inside to the outside of the cell in membrane-bound vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Question 30

exocytosis

Answer 30

fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane

Question 31

endocytosis

Answer 31

a process by which cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane