Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Heredity and Genetics Terminology > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tetrads

A

a group of four synapsed chromatids that become visibly evident in prophase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Crossing over

A

the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during the development of egg and sperm cells (meiosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Independent Assortment

A

how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nondisjunction

A

the failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal
numbers of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Haploid Chromosome Number

A

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diploid Chromosome Number

A

A cell containing two copies of each chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Twisted Double Helix

A

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

James Watson and Frances Crick

A

both had ideas that the double-stranded molecule could both produce exact copies of itself and carry genetic instructions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sugar-phosphate backbone

A

forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nucleotides that comprise DNA

A

the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) - adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nucleotide base-pairing in DNA

A

Two nitrogen-containing bases (or nucleotides) that pair together to form the structure of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Genotype

A

The letter combo that shows which alleles are present in an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phenotype

A

The appearance of an expressed trait.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dominant

A

the relationship between two versions of a gene (effectively over-rule the other), for example
the allele for brown eyes is dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Recessive

A

the relationship between an observed trait and the two inherited versions of a gene related to
that trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Allele

A

One of two or more DNA sequences occurring at a particular gene locus

17
Q

Homozygous

A

A genotype showing 2 identical alleles, AA or aa.

18
Q

Heterozygous

A

A genotype showing 2 different alleles, Aa

19
Q

Punnett Square

A

a table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with
known genotypes are given

20
Q

Pure-bred

A

an organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits to its offspring of many
generations

21
Q

Hybrid

A

An individual formed by mating between unlike forms, usually genetically
differentiated populations or species

22
Q

Heredity

A

specific mechanisms by which characteristics or traits are passed from one generation to the
next via genes

23
Q

Probability

A

provides information about the likelihood that something will happen

24
Q

Gametes in plants

A

Female gametes are called ova and male gametes are called pollen grains. (plants) These are
the reproductive cells

25
Q

Gametes in animals

A

Female gametes are egg cells and male gametes are called sperm cells. (animals) These are
the reproductive cells.

26
Q

Meiosis

A

A special form of cell division in which each daughter cell receives half the amount of DNA as
the parent cell. Meiosis occurs during formation of egg and sperm cells in mammals.

27
Q

Mitosis

A

The process where a single parent cell divides to make two daughter cells. Each daughter cell
receives a complete set of chromosomes from the parent cell. (both plants and animals)

28
Q

Budding

A

an asexual reproduction method in which a new organism develops from a bud of an existing
organism

29
Q

Tubers

A

specialized storage stem of certain seed plants

30
Q

Runners

A

a slender stem that grows horizontally along the ground, giving rise to roots and aerial (vertical)
branches at specialized points called nodes

31
Q

Plantlets

A

A small or young plant.

32
Q

Cuttings

A

portion of a stem, root, or leaf cut from the parent plant for the production of a new
independent plant by it forming shoots and roots under favorable environmental conditions

33
Q

Fragmentation

A

When an organism breaks down into several fragments or pieces.

34
Q

Regeneration

A

the natural process of replacing or restoring damaged or missing cells, tissues, organs, and
even entire body parts to full function in plants and animals

35
Q

Binary Fission

A

a process by which a single cell splits into
two cells to multiply

36
Q

Internal fertilization

A

sperm fertilizing the egg within the female

37
Q

External fertilization

A

the release of both sperm and eggs into an external environment

Heredity and Genetics Terminology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions