Terminology Flashcards
Anhedonia
Inability to feel joy or pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable
Apathy
-Lack of Feeling, emotion, interest, or concern
-Describes mood or affect
Avolition
-Diminished ability to initiate and sustain activities
-Describes mood and affect
Blunted Affect
Reduction in emotional expression
Euphoric Mood
Exaggerated feeling of well-being, pathological
Euthymic Mood
In the “normal’ range, which implies absence of depressed or elevated mood
Expansive Mood
Lack of restraint in expressing one’s feelings, frequently with an overvaluation of importance. Irritable, easily annoyed and provoked to anger
Flat affect
Almost no emotional expression at all- typically immobile face and monotonous voice
Labile affect
Affect repeatedly and rapidly shifts from one extreme to another
Inappropriate Affect
Reacting in an inappropriate manner such as laughing when hearing bad news
Incongruous Affect
Does not match the stated mood, ex. client who states feeling depressed but appears very joyful
Alogia
-Impoverished or significantly decreased amount of speech or lack of content (poverty of speech or thought)
Circumstantiality
Slowed thinking incorporating unnecessary trivial details. Eventually the goal of the thought is reached
Clang Association
Speech in which words are chosen because of their sounds rather than their meanings. Includes rhyming and punning
Echolalia
Repetition of another’s words that is parrot-like and inappropriate
Mutism
Total loss of speech
Neologism
New word or condensed combination of several words coined by a person to express a highly complex idea not readily understood by others
Pressured Speech
Increased in amount, accelerated, difficult or impossible to interrupt. Person may talk with no stimulation or while no one is listening. Usually loud and emphatic
Stilted Language
Overly and inappropriately artificial formal language
Tangentiality
Replying to a question in an oblique or irrelevant way
Verbigeration
Stereotyped and seemingly meaningless repetition of words or sentences
Word Salad
Mixture of words and phrases that lack comprehensive meaning or logical coherence; commonly seen in schizophrenic states
Akinesia
A state of motor inhibition or reduced voluntary movement
Akathisia
Feeling of restlessness and inability to sit still, sometimes a side effect of medication
Ataxia
Partial or complete loss of coordination of voluntary muscular movement
Cataplexy
Episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone resulting in individual collapsing, often in association with intense emotions such as laughter, anger, fear, surprise
Catatonia
Condition of disrupted movement and speech resulting from disturbed mental state manifested by physical reactivity to the environment (markedly reduces or frozen movement, stupor, strange movements, agitation, lack of speech)
Dystonia
Involuntary muscle contractions and spasms that cause unusual or awkward postures, or repetitive or twisting movements, may occur in response to a medication
Echopraxia
Imitation of movements, can be part of catatonia
Parkinsonism
Group of symptoms including slowed/loss of movement, lack of facial expression, stiff gait, tremor, stooped postures, may be side effect of other medications
Psychomotor Agitation
Excessive motor activity associated with feeling of inner tension. When severe, may involve shouting and loud complaining. Activity is usually nonproductive and repetitious (pacing, wringing of hands)
Psychomotor Retardation
Visible generalized slowing of movements and speech
Stereotyped Movements
Repetitive, seemingly driven, nonfunctional motor behavior
Tardive Dyskinesia
Syndrome of potentially irreversible, involuntary movement that may develop in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Abnormal, spasmodic, involuntary movement
Tic
Involuntary, sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization
Waxy Flexibility
Patients movements have the feeling of a plastic resistance, as if the person was made of wax. Limbs can be placed in fixed positions
Concrete thinking
Lack of abstract thinking. Normal in childhood
Magical Thinking
Erroneous belief that one’s thought, words, actions will cause or prevent a specific outcome in some way that defies commonly understood laws of cause and effect. Magical thinking may be normal part of childhood development
Delusion
False personal Belief based on incorrect inference about external reality and firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. Not explicable on the grounds of the patients cultural or social background
Delusional jealousy
Delusion that ones sexual partner is unfaithful
Erotomanic
Delusion that another person is in love with the individual
Delusions of reference
Behavior of others or objects and event believed to refer to oneself in particular. When similar thoughts are held with less than delusional intensity= ideas of reference
Dissociation
Mental process of disconnecting from ones thoughts, feelings, memories or sense of identity to protect the self from traumatic or overwhelming experiences
Depersonalization
Alteration in the perception or experience of the self so that one feels detached from, and as if one is the outside observer of, ones mental processes or body
Flight of Ideas
Speech consists of a stream of accelerated thoughts with abrupt changes from topic to topic and no central direction
Fugue
Individual wanders away from usual surroundings and has loss of memory
Grandiosity
Inflated appraisal of ones worth, power, knowledge, importance, or identity
Ideas of reference
Unfounded belief that objects, events, or people are of personal significance (person may think television program he is watching is all about him)
Obsession
Recurrent and persistent thought, impulse, or image experienced as intrusive and distressing. Excessive and unreasonable even though it is a product of one’s mind. Thought, impulse, or image cannot be expunged logic or reasoning
Paranoia
Mental state that includes unreasonable suspicions of people and situations. A person who is paranoid may be suspicious, hostile, feel very important, or may be extremely sensitive to rejection by others
Paranoid Ideation
Ideation of less than delusional proportions, involving suspiciousness or the belief that one is being harassed, persecuted, unfairly treated
Persecutory delusion
Delusion in which central theme is that one is being attached, harassed, cheated, persecuted, or conspired against
Somatic Delusion
Delusion whose main content pertains to the appearance or functioning of one’s body
Thought Alienation
Belief that thoughts have been stolen from one’s mind. Also known as thought withdrawal
Thought blocking
Sudden interruption in the train of thought, leaving a blank
Thought broadcasting
Delusion that one’s thoughts are being broadcast out loud
Thought insertion
Delusion that certain of one’s thoughts are not one’s own but rather inserted
Thought withdrawal
Delusional belief that thoughts are being removed
Hypnagogic hallucination
Hallucination occurring whilst falling asleep. Occurs in normal people
Hypnopompic hallucinations
Referring to the state immediately preceding awakening may include hallucinations that are of no pathological significance
Initial insomnia
Difficulty in falling asleep
Middle Insomnia
Awakening in the middle of the night
Parasomnia
Abnormal behavior or physiological events occurring during sleep or sleep wake transitions
Terminal Insomnia/ Late insomnia
Early Morning awakening, patients struggle or are unable to fall back asleep (2-4 am)
Auditory Hallucination
Perceptual disturbance in which person hears voices/ sounds that others do not
Gustatory Hallucinations
Involving taste
Illusion
A misperception or misinterpretation of a real external stimulus such as hearing rustling of leaves as the sound of voices, or a shadow as a person
Olfactory Hallucinations
Involving perception of odor
Tactile hallucination
Involving perception of being touched - most common are sensation of electric shock and formication (sensation of something creeping or crawling on or under the skin)
Visual Hallucination
Involving sight, which may consist of formed images, such as of people, or of unformed images such as flashes of light. Distinguished from illusions which are misperceptions of real external stimuli.
