Terminology

Question 1

abdominal cavity

Answer 1

the cavity that contains the stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and large and small intestines

Question 2

accommodation

Answer 2

the process of rounding and flattening of the lens that enables focus in both near and far vision

Question 3

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 3

acts on the adrenal glands to secrete glucocorticoids, including cortisol

Question 4

aldosterone

Answer 4

plays a role in regulating and maintaining the body’s water, sodium, and electrolyte balance

Question 5

alveoli

Answer 5

microscopic-sized air sacs

Question 6

amphiarthrosis

Answer 6

a slightly movable joint

Question 7

anatomical position

Answer 7

standing upright with the toes and the palms facing forward

Question 8

androgens

Answer 8

responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in females and males

Question 9

anterior lobe

Answer 9

the portion of the pituitary gland that secretes the hormones GH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and ACTH

Question 10

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 10

acts on the kidneys to increase the absorption of water

Question 11

aortic valve

Answer 11

exits the left ventricle into the aorta

Question 12

apex

Answer 12

the largest part of the heart; the lower-left area

Question 13

apical pulse

Answer 13

listening to this is considered the most-accurate method of measuring heart rate

Question 14

aponeurosis

Answer 14

a tendon that resembles a ribbon and attaches to a larger area of bone

Question 15

appendicular body

Answer 15

the arms and legs of the body

Question 16

appendix

Answer 16

a structure that hangs from the cecum in which normal bacteria may be stored to repopulate the GI tract

Question 17

aqueous humor

Answer 17

fluid in the anterior chamber that provides nourishment for the lens and cornea and bends light rays to focus them sharply onto the retina

Question 18

areola

Answer 18

a region of pigmented tissue at the center surface of each breast

Question 19

arterioles

Answer 19

tiny arteries

Question 20

ascending colon

Answer 20

the structure that progresses upward from the cecum

Question 21

atria

Answer 21

the two upper chambers of the heart

Question 22

atrioventricular node

Answer 22

the “backup” pacemaker that transmits the SA node impulse to both ventricles

Question 23

auscultating

Answer 23

the term that means listening to

Question 24

autonomic nervous system

Answer 24

the system that controls involuntary functions

Question 25

axial body

Answer 25

the head, neck, and trunk portion of the body

Question 26

axon

Answer 26

sends electrical impulses and transmits signals to other cells