Terminology Flashcards
Phoneme
The basic unit sound
Diphthong
A vowel sound that is the combination of two separate sounds, where a speaker glides from one to another. E.g- ie, ou, etc
Syllable
Sound unit with a vowel in the centre. E.g- book has one syllable and reading has two
Accent
Regional variety of speech that differed from other regional varieties in terms of pronunciation
Accommodation
Ways that individuals adjust their speech patterns to match others
Internal phonetic alphabet
An internally recognised system of phonetic transcription.
Layout
Way in which a text is physically structured
Typographical feature
Features of font used in texts such as bold font, fonts size, colour
Orthographical features
Features of the writing system such as spelling, capitalisation and punctuation
Multimodal text
Texts that rely on the interplay of different modes e.g images, writing and sound to help shape meaning
Other graphical features
Emoticons, hyperlinks and tabs
Denotative meaning
The literal meaning e.g if the girl was blue she would actually be blue
Connotative meaning
The associated meaning of a word e.g the girl is blue would mean she is sad
Figurative language
Language used in a non literal way in order to describe something
Metaphor
Simile
Semantic field
Group of words connected by a shared field of reference to describe a key topic
Synonym
Words that have equivalent meaning
Passive voice
Subject comes last and object comes first
Aspect
Another element of marking the time of an event by specifying if they are progressive (ongoing) or perfective (completed)
Antonyms
Words that have contrasting meanings
Hyponym
Words that can be included in a larger more general category (e.g cars bus, plane)
Hypernym
Words that label categories (animals- which can include dogs, cats, rabbits)
What are the key levels of formality
Slang
Colloquialisms
Taboo
Formal and fixed lexis
Occupational register
Technical vocabulary associated with a particular occupation or activity
Sociolect
Language style associated with a particular social group
Dialect
Language style associated with a particular geographical region
Neology
Process of new word formation
Semantic change
Process of words changing meaning
Morphology
Word formation
Syntax
Order structure within phrases , clauses and sentences
Morpheme
Smallest grammatical unit
Free morpheme
A morpheme that cannot stand on its own as a word
Affix
A morpheme that cannot stand on its own but combines with other words to create a new word
Noun phrase
The noun and it’s focus
Verb phrase
Verbs plus other verbs and adverbs that don’t include subjects, as that would make it a clause
Head word
The central word in a phrase
Modification
The adding of additional words to provide more detail to the head word in a phrase either before (pre modification) or after (post modification)
Main clause
Grammatically complete
Subordinate clause
Grammatically incomplete, requires a subordinator to join with a main clause
Active voice
Subject comes first and object comes last
Coordination
Joint two or more independent clauses via co ordinating conjunctions. Single words and longer phrases can also be co-ordinated.
Subordination
The joint of two or more clauses where only one is independent (main) and the others are dependent (subordinate)
Hedging
A qualified claim through adding different types of verbs
Interjection
Words used to show emotion e.g- wow, ouch
Declarative
Statement
Interrogative
Questions
Imperatives
Commands
Exclamatives
Shouting
Proper noun
A particular being or thing e.g- London, John
Common noun
E.g restaurant, book, student, etc
Concrete noun
