Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

British Literature from the 1600s to the 1900s > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

The Restoration (religion and politics)

A
  • 1660-1700
  • Restoration of the monarchy after Cromwell dies
  • Begins with the crowning of King Charles II
  • ends the uncertainty from the Interregnum
  • the Church is also re-solidified –> dissent against Anglicanism no longer allowed
  • non-conformists barred politically, socially, and economically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1649

A
  • the execution of King Charles I by “people’s choice”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1688

A
  • The Glorious Revolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Execution of King Charles I

A
  • public execution of a monarch
  • Charles wanted absolute power (none to Parliament)
  • Oliver Cromwell, parliamentarian, challenged him
  • defeat him in bloody battle, imprison him, he refuses to repent
  • executed in public
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Glorious Revolution

A
  • Bloodless Revolution
  • “Glorious” is propaganda; James is forced to flee out of fear that he will meet a similar end as Charles I did
  • Kicking out of King James I, a Catholic sympathizer (forced abdication)
  • Replacement of James with co-regnant Mary and her husband William of Orange (Protestants)
  • ushers in a period of stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A
  • Puritan and Parliamentarian
  • brings Charles I to his end as king
  • restores power to Parliament
  • titled “Lord Protector”
  • acts like a king with all of his power, but breaks the idea of divine right
  • his son is supposed to succeed him like a king, and the people refuse to accept him, preferring instead an actual monarchical heir/lineage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Royalists v parliamentarians

A
  • came to a head before the Interregnum with the English Civil War
  • fought over the governance of England
  • Royalists saw divine right of kings, parliamentarians desired power of their own (government versus ancestry and lineage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Religion in Great Britain

A
  • Catholicism dominant in England during early to mid-1500s
  • Series of monarchs came after him that sought to promote their own personal religious beliefs, thereby destabilizing the Church
  • In 1550s-1600s the Church of England (COE) tried to become universal church in all of England
  • COE is Anglican
  • destabilized during the English Civil War
  • Church restored to power during Charles II’s reign
  • Non-Anglicans/dissenters/nonconformists (someone like Alexander Pope) was barred from social and economic functions in England due to lack of Anglicanism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acts of Union

A
  • 1706 and 1707
  • unified Scotland and England
  • ushered in political stability, increased populations in cities, creation of “civil society,” dissemination of printed works
  • greater global economy and trade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

English Civil War

A
  • 1640s to 1650s
  • strife between Royalists and Parliamentarians
  • Ends with the death of King Charles I
  • political strife, though, is still present after
  • destabilized the Church of England
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The Interregnum

A
  • literally means “between kings”
  • 1649-1660
  • period of instability after the death of King Charles I and the crowning of King Charles II (aka, the beginning of the Restoration)
  • a period of time when Oliver Cromwell grabs power
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Restoration (changes/beliefs)

A
  • growth of science, empiricism, and reason
  • reexamining of people’s place in the world with the microscope
  • greater focus on the arts
  • the battle between ancients and moderns (old beliefs and traditions versus new ideas)
  • science increased electricity and industry boomed
  • growth of an object-centric lifestyle in the middle class
  • greater attention to the INDIVIDUAL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Natural Religion

A
  • an ideology that grew during the Restoration

- idea that the natural machinations of the universe (stars, planets, gravity, etc.) are proof of a God

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The English Bill of Rights

A
  • 1689
  • By Mary and William
  • limits the powers of the crown
  • helps to secure stability in Britain
  • freedom of worship re-granted to dissenters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Whigs versus Tories

A
  • Whigs: liberalism; individualism; wealth

- Tories: loyalists; pro-Stuart dynasty; conservatism; church; divine right of kings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Literary Production in 1700s

A
  • increase of publishing due to the lack of censorship
  • growth of wealthy writers
  • novel largely a female profession
  • reading more common (increased literacy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Literary styles: The Restoration

A
  • refined works
  • elegant simplicity
  • upholding the “morally good” and “morally right”
  • mixture of the ancient and the modern
  • noble, antiquated content
18
Q

Literary Styles: 1700s-1745

A
  • Augustan period
  • massive increase of satires
  • wider-reading public
  • using satire to call out what is WRONG in English society
  • often more anti-innovation and anti-modernity
19
Q

Literary Styles: 1745-1785

A
  • Romantic period
  • Revolutionary ideas
  • domination of prose over poetry
  • Medieval revival
20
Q

Horatian Satire

A
  • “classical satire”
  • light and humorous
  • gentle ridicule of the subject
  • defined by its cleverness and its wit
21
Q

Juvenalian Satire

A
  • “angry satire”
  • dark and bitter satire
  • explicit and absurd metaphors to expose the subject to ridicule
  • Jonathan Swift’s works are this style
  • Aims to enrage the reader
  • an attack on the subject matter
22
Q

Menippean Satire

A
  • satire on all aspects of society, not just one thing

- Jonathan Swift’s “Gulliver’s Travels” is an example of this, written in the “Juvenalian Satire” Style, though

23
Q

Liberty in 18th Century Britain

A
  • growth of people’s focus on the concept of liberty at this time
  • some saw is extending to all people, others saw it extending to Britons only
  • Free press expanded, and literature took on a new sense of originality, imagination, and freedom (compared with France whose writers adhered to strict rules and formulas)
  • this discussion of liberty failed to extend to the enslaved population, although increased commentary on liberty gave people a chance to speak out against the inhumanity of the institution
24
Q

King Charles II

A
  • his reign marked the beginning of The Restoration in the 1660s
  • a Catholic sympathizer
  • reign also marked a cultural renaissance
  • wanted power consolidated Royally rather than in Parliament
  • dissolves Parliament in 1680, thereby creating Whigs and Tories
  • dies in 1685
25
Q

The French Revolution (causes)

A
  • 18th century sees massive population growth and industry boom
  • Government is also broke from American Revolution
  • 1770s there is less equity and greater economic stagnation
  • massive increase in poor, failure of agriculture to support the population, no food
26
Q

The French Revolution

A
  • 1789-1799
  • fought on principles of liberal democracy and Lockean philosophy; it is the Enlightenment being put into actual practice via Revolution
  • Begins with Storming of the Bastille (release of political prisoners)
  • Execution of King and Queen in 1793-1794
  • Reign of Terror sees a negative shift away from values of enlightenment to brutality
  • Reworking of France to create a secular state: new calendar, Churches replaced with Temples of Reason
27
Q

Property

A
  • Locke’s philosophy on property transforms property into a major topic in England
  • property and anything and everything you own, not just your land
  • property hangings/property crimes become major –> any property stolen is met with capital punishment
  • leads to massive increase in social, public, and sensationalized hangings
28
Q

Ethos

A
  • based on ethics and credibility (AUTHORITY)
  • instilling trust in an audience/readership through credible and ethical sourcing
  • argument based on ethics/credibility
  • EX: a product endorsed by a celebrity
29
Q

Pathos

A
  • emotion and imagination
  • argument based on emotion
  • EX: a product sold through evocation of fear or pity, like a dog about to be put down to get people to adopt
30
Q

Logos

A
  • logic and reason
  • argument made by appealing to logic, reason, and/or facts
  • EX: a product sold by sharing statistics about it’s success rate amongst customers
31
Q

Syntax

A

organization of a sentence

32
Q

Diction

A

word choice

33
Q

Latinate syntax

A
  • sentence structure derived from Latin writing
  • organized (Often) with the verb coming before the subject
  • reorganization in this way may help to imbue a certain word or a certain part of the sentence with more importance than normal
34
Q

The Enlightenment

A
  • intellectual and philosophical movement
  • Locke was major part of it
  • valued reason
  • critique of superstitious and mystical beliefs in the bible
  • critique of the slow separation of church and state
  • pro-choice, rather than being forced to believe in something (like religion)
  • belief in progress
  • William Blake sees the Enlightenment as incomplete (missing a certain amount of vision and imagination)
35
Q

Pastoral

A
  • usually poem
  • mixes pasture (land, rural) with pastor (religion)
  • utilizes idyllic scenes of origin, purity, and innocence through nature
36
Q

The Romantic Period (general traits of the time period)

A
  • 1785-1832
  • centered around Romantic Literature as a genre; was a Romantic Revival of Medieval Romances
  • political unrest and revolution across the ENTIRE GLOBE (America, France, Haiti, English industrial and agricultural revolutions) at this time was met with Romantic imagination
  • most prolific period of writing in England
  • also a time of greater division between upper and lower classes, more enclosures, more unemployment, increasing population
37
Q

1735-1832

A
  • The Romantic Period
38
Q

Womanhood during the Romantic Period in England

A
  • with revolutionary ideas from elsewhere seeping in, England promoted the importance of the “home front,” something worth protecting
  • women’s inferiority was impressed on them, but from this the woman’s private life becomes a crucial part of the preservation of the nation’s welfare
  • this creates a certain female patriot
39
Q

Poetry During the Romantic Period

A
  • poetry a MAJOR medium
  • emphasis on Medievalism and anti-Neoclassicism
  • new Nationalism growing
  • acceptance that human perceptions of the world VARIED (no single, universal experience) –> poems were specific to the internality of the poet themselves
  • Self-referential poems, use of “I”
  • poetry believed to come about naturally and spontaneously rather than through intensely pre-formed practice
  • glorification of the ordinary
  • Observing the supernatural, abnormal, and the unsettling
40
Q

Prose During the Romantic Period

A
  • extremely popular (though, still less so than POETRY)
  • a feminized form of reading; believed to produce dangerous views on life for women and readers in general
  • 1814, though, sees a SHIFT! –> Jane Austen an example of this; she threatens the previous monopoly poetry had in the markets and the minds/psyches of the people
41
Q

The Royal Society

A
  • London institution established during English Civil War as attempted refuge during political instability
  • received formal charter / recognition from King Charles II
  • Science (aka, knowledge) at the forefront; turning away from blind acceptance of what their ancestors discovered and looking forward to a new world of science dictated by their own findings, discoveries, and experiments
  • Promoting that in the public sphere, sharing it
  • Problematic goal because Christianity said that humans are natural-born sinners, but The Royal Society sought to improve human beings through science and knowledge

British Literature from the 1600s to the 1900s (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions