Terminology Flashcards
ASA Classifications
simple fracture
overlying skin is intact
Compound fracture
bone communicates with the skin surface
comminuted fracture
bone is severely fragmented into many small pieces
displaced fracture
fracture site is not aligned
stress fracture
- slowly developing fracture
- follows a period of increased physical activity
- where the bone is subjected to repetitive loads
Greenstick fracture
- extending only partially through the bone
- common in infants when bones are soft
pathologic fracture
- bone weakened by underlying disease process
- ex: solid tumor or hematopoietic-lymporeticular disease
Allograft
human to human transplant
Neurapraxia
- injury to the nerve causes:
- no loss of continuity of the axon or endoneurium
- ex: implant placed in the inferior alveolar canal
- compresses the nerve
axonotmesis
- injury to the nerve causes:
- loss of axonal continuity but preserves the endoneurium
- Ex:
- overly aggressive retraction of mental nerve
Neurotmesis
- injury to the nerve cause:
- loss of axonal and endoneurium continuity
- ex:
- cutting the inferior alveolar nerve during wisdom teeth removal
Pathology
- study of structural alterations in cells, tissues, and organs
- help to identify the cause of disease
Pathogenesis
- pattern of tissue changes associated with the development of disease
Etiology
study of the cause of disease and/or injury
Idiopathic
Diseases with no identifiable cuase
Clinical manifestations
signs and symptoms
Nosocomial
- disease acquired as consequences of being in a hospital environment
Diagnosis
naming or identification of a disease
Prognosis
expected outcome of a disease
Acute Disease
- sudden appearance of signs and symptoms
- lasts a short time
Biopsy
- removing a sample of tissue for testing and evaluation
- test for oral cancer
Bruxism
- clenching or grinding teeth
- usually while sleeping
Exarticulated tooth
- tooth that has been entirely displaced and no longer positioned in its socket
Graft
- quantity of tissue, bone, or composite substance
- placed in contact w/existing tissue or bone
- supplement a deficiency or repair an injury or defect
Impaction
- tooth cannot or does not erupt fully through the gum
- usually blocked by another tooth, bone or soft tissue
Maxillofacial
- portion of the face that extends downward from the maxilla
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- chronic condition
- block or collapse in the airway interrupts normal breaking patterns during sleep
Occlusion
- alignment of the upper and lower teeth and the relationship of the dental arches when the mouth is closed and teeth are in contact
oral cavity
- entire inside of the mouth
Orthognathic
- a surgical procedure that aims to produce. a correct bite by lengthening, shortening, or realigning the jaws
- misaligned jaws requires this
- ortho also correct bite but are only able to reposition teeth not the jaw
Palate
- roof of the mouth
- including:
- hard and soft tissues
- separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
- hard and soft tissues
Periodontal
- Tissues that support and surround the teeth
Temperomandibular joint
- hinge mechanism
- connects the temporal bone at the base of the skull with the mandible
Abscess
- buildup of pus in a particular area of the mouth
- caused by:
- bacterial infections
- tooth decay
- facial trauma
*
- facial trauma
Abutment
- natural tooth or an artificial structure
- supports a dental prosthesis
- fixed bridge or implant
Chronic Disease
- Develops slowly
- long duration or lifetime
Remissions
- Periods when clinical manifestations disappear or diminish signification
Exacerbations
- Periods when clinical manifestations become worse or more severe
Sequelae
Any abnormal conditions that follow and are the result of a disease, treatment, or injury
