Terminology

Question 1

During what decade were the first oratorio-passion settings presented?

Answer 1

1720s; Melamed, Hearing Bach’s Passions

Question 2

In what year did Bach leave Cothen for Leipzig?

Answer 2

1723; Wolff, World

Question 3

What is the modern term for a one-on-a-part choir?

Answer 3

consort; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir

Question 4

Describe Schutz’ terms for first and second choir.

Answer 4

Second choir, “cappella” multiple singers and/or instruments per part; first choir “favorite choir” one on a part; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir

Question 5

What three things can be meant by the term “chor”?

Answer 5

a choir, a piece of choral music, a choir loft; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir

Question 6

Concertist

Answer 6

one who performs a principal role in concerted music; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir

Question 7

Ripienist

Answer 7

one who performs a ripieno or “filling out” part; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir

Question 8

figural

Answer 8

contrapuntal, more elaborate or demanding than a chorale; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir

Question 9

Kirchenstück

Answer 9

church cantata; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir

Question 10

Why is it difficult to define “cantata”?

Answer 10

Because from the very beginning, few limitations were placed on the genre, it was a common place for experimentation, and each movement could reference a different prior or contemporary style (madrigal, motet, instrumental, melismatic…); Wolff, World

Question 11

What is another term for secco recit?

Answer 11

Simple recit; Crist, CJ 11/00

Question 12

What is Vokaleinbau?

Answer 12

Vocal embedding; a technique where the instruments play material from the ritornello while the voice sings an independent line; Crist, CJ 11/00

Question 13

What is the essential and quintessential version of da capo form?

Answer 13

ABA; A1A2BA1A2, where ritornellos separate each vocal section; Crist, CJ 11/00

Question 14

What are the two principal uses of the term arioso in the Baroque period?

Answer 14

a lyrical passage occurring within a recitative (usually at the end); a self-contained movement similar to an aria, but usually of smaller proportions; Crist, CJ 11/00

Question 15

If it looks like an aria and sounds like an aria, why might it be an arioso?

Answer 15

Non-poetic text; Crist, CJ 11/00

Question 16

Who did Bach replace at Leipzig?

Answer 16

Kuhnau; Crist, CJ 2/99

Question 17

Who was originally supposed to be Cantor in Leipzig?

Answer 17

Telemann; Crist, CJ 2/99

Question 18

What is choreinbau?

Answer 18

A formal technique as follows: 1, opening sinfonia; 2, A section–chorus; 3, B-section chorus; 4, opening sinfonia sung by chorus; Flannagan, CJ 12/00

Question 19

What is a chiasm?

Answer 19

a symmetrical form balanced horizontally on either side of an axis movement (ABBA); Gingrich, CJ 51/1

Question 20

What is another term for chiasm?

Answer 20

inverted parallelism; Hamer, CJ 11/00

Question 21

What is a term for examining music at the level of intervals between individual notes?

Answer 21

Molecular music; Johnson, CJ 52/7

Question 22

Define molecular music.

Answer 22

Examining music at it’s most basic level–intervals between individual notes; Johnson, CJ 52/7

Question 23

Discuss Chorton and Kammerton.

Answer 23

Different pitch standards, the former (lower) for singers, the latter (higher) for chamber ensembles; Wikipedia

Question 24

Who was the most important/influential passion librettist in the Baroque period?

Answer 24

Barthold Brockes (set by Telemann and Handel, among others); Marshall, BN F/12

Question 25

Define turba.

Answer 25

Crowd scenes (especially in passions); Marshall, BN F/12

Question 26

What is the term for crowd scenes in a passion?

Answer 26

turba; Marshall, BN F/12

Question 27

What lyricist was most influential in the early development of German cantatas? What was his inspiration?

Answer 27

Erdmann Neumeister, Italian opera forms; Durr Cantatas

Question 28

Define stimmtausch

Answer 28

Exchange of parts; Durr Cantatas

Question 29

What is the German term for exchanging parts?

Answer 29

stimmtausch; Durr Cantatas

Question 30

Default Librettist for Weimar cantatas? How does Durr describe him?

Answer 30

Salomar Franck, “perhaps the most gifted and original poetic talent with whom Bach collaborated”; Durr Cantatas

Question 31

Define Arioso.

Answer 31

Between aria and recit, it is based on recit, but includes accompaniment and melismas, more like an aria; Durr Cantatas

Question 32

Define serenata

Answer 32

a serenade; a song written in someone’s honor;

Question 33

Dux and comes are also called what?

Answer 33

Subject and answer;

Question 34

What are other names for subject and answer in a fugue?

Answer 34

dux and comes;

Question 35

Describe a permutation fugue

Answer 35

Voices enter in canon, each followed by 2 or 3 counter-subjects. Hallmark of Bach’s early organ music, later transferred to cantatas;

Question 36

What are the two parts of bar form (german terms)

Answer 36

Stollen (AA) and Abgesang (B); Meredith