Terminology Flashcards
During what decade were the first oratorio-passion settings presented?
1720s; Melamed, Hearing Bach’s Passions
In what year did Bach leave Cothen for Leipzig?
1723; Wolff, World
What is the modern term for a one-on-a-part choir?
consort; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir
Describe Schutz’ terms for first and second choir.
Second choir, “cappella” multiple singers and/or instruments per part; first choir “favorite choir” one on a part; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir
What three things can be meant by the term “chor”?
a choir, a piece of choral music, a choir loft; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir
Concertist
one who performs a principal role in concerted music; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir
Ripienist
one who performs a ripieno or “filling out” part; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir
figural
contrapuntal, more elaborate or demanding than a chorale; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir
Kirchenstück
church cantata; Parrott, Essential Bach Choir
Why is it difficult to define “cantata”?
Because from the very beginning, few limitations were placed on the genre, it was a common place for experimentation, and each movement could reference a different prior or contemporary style (madrigal, motet, instrumental, melismatic…); Wolff, World
What is another term for secco recit?
Simple recit; Crist, CJ 11/00
What is Vokaleinbau?
Vocal embedding; a technique where the instruments play material from the ritornello while the voice sings an independent line; Crist, CJ 11/00
What is the essential and quintessential version of da capo form?
ABA; A1A2BA1A2, where ritornellos separate each vocal section; Crist, CJ 11/00
What are the two principal uses of the term arioso in the Baroque period?
a lyrical passage occurring within a recitative (usually at the end); a self-contained movement similar to an aria, but usually of smaller proportions; Crist, CJ 11/00
If it looks like an aria and sounds like an aria, why might it be an arioso?
Non-poetic text; Crist, CJ 11/00
Who did Bach replace at Leipzig?
Kuhnau; Crist, CJ 2/99
Who was originally supposed to be Cantor in Leipzig?
Telemann; Crist, CJ 2/99
What is choreinbau?
A formal technique as follows: 1, opening sinfonia; 2, A section–chorus; 3, B-section chorus; 4, opening sinfonia sung by chorus; Flannagan, CJ 12/00
What is a chiasm?
a symmetrical form balanced horizontally on either side of an axis movement (ABBA); Gingrich, CJ 51/1
What is another term for chiasm?
inverted parallelism; Hamer, CJ 11/00
What is a term for examining music at the level of intervals between individual notes?
Molecular music; Johnson, CJ 52/7
Define molecular music.
Examining music at it’s most basic level–intervals between individual notes; Johnson, CJ 52/7
Discuss Chorton and Kammerton.
Different pitch standards, the former (lower) for singers, the latter (higher) for chamber ensembles; Wikipedia
Who was the most important/influential passion librettist in the Baroque period?
Barthold Brockes (set by Telemann and Handel, among others); Marshall, BN F/12
Define turba.
Crowd scenes (especially in passions); Marshall, BN F/12
What is the term for crowd scenes in a passion?
turba; Marshall, BN F/12
What lyricist was most influential in the early development of German cantatas? What was his inspiration?
Erdmann Neumeister, Italian opera forms; Durr Cantatas
Define stimmtausch
Exchange of parts; Durr Cantatas
What is the German term for exchanging parts?
stimmtausch; Durr Cantatas
Default Librettist for Weimar cantatas? How does Durr describe him?
Salomar Franck, “perhaps the most gifted and original poetic talent with whom Bach collaborated”; Durr Cantatas
Define Arioso.
Between aria and recit, it is based on recit, but includes accompaniment and melismas, more like an aria; Durr Cantatas
Define serenata
a serenade; a song written in someone’s honor;
Dux and comes are also called what?
Subject and answer;
What are other names for subject and answer in a fugue?
dux and comes;
Describe a permutation fugue
Voices enter in canon, each followed by 2 or 3 counter-subjects. Hallmark of Bach’s early organ music, later transferred to cantatas;
What are the two parts of bar form (german terms)
Stollen (AA) and Abgesang (B); Meredith
