Terminology Flashcards
A modification in the design or administration of an examination to compensate for the effects of candidates’ documented disability without altering the interpretation of the examination results (e.g., as specified by the Americans with Disabilities Act or other applicable legislation).
Accommodation
The responsibility of a board, governing committee, or other element of a credentialing body, to its stakeholders to demonstrate the efficacy and fairness of credentialing policies, procedures, and requirements.
Accountability
The process by which an agency having authority grants time-limited formal recognition to an institution, organization, business, credentialing body or other independent entity after verifying that the aforementioned has met predetermined and standardized criteria.
Accreditation
An entity that evaluates whether the processes and products of a credentialing body have met predetermined and standardized criteria.
Accreditation Body
The process by which examinations or other credentialing requirements are converted to another language and/or cultural context, preserving equivalence of meaning, level of difficulty, and conceptual complexity from the original version to the adapted version.
Adaptation
An instance in which a protected class of candidates exhibits a demonstrably higher failure rate than that of the reference nonprotected population
Adverse Impact
The method of setting the passing score of an examination using the ratings of subject-matter experts as to the likely number of just-competent individuals who will answer examination items correctly. See also “Cut Score” and “Standard Setting.”
Angoff Method
A request by applicants, candidates, or credentialed individuals or entities for reconsideration of an adverse decision made by the credentialing body regarding their desired status. An appeal can also be made related to accreditation decisions.
Appeal
An individual or entity that declares interest in earning a credential offered by a credentialing body, usually through submission of materials.
Applicant
The process that evaluates an individual’s or credentialing body’s fulfillment of set requirements.
Assessment
A non-degree-granting program that a) provides instruction and training to aid participants in acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and/or competencies associated with intended learning outcomes; b) evaluates participants’ achievement of the intended learning outcomes; and c) awards a certificate only to those participants who meet the performance, proficiency, or passing standard on an assessment verifying learning. See also “Certificate Program.”
Assessment-Based Certificate Program
A tool or process for determining whether candidates possess the necessary knowledge, skill, or demonstrated abilities to fulfill the requirements of a credential.
Assessment Instrument
An individual’s confirmation, based on a decision following a review, that fulfillment of specified requirements has been demonstrated.
Attestation
A systematic, independent, and documented review of records and activities to assess the adequacy of system controls, to ensure compliance with established policies and operational procedures, and to recommend necessary changes in controls, policies, or procedures.
Audit
The addition of digitally created visualizations to a real-world view, generally with support of a handheld device containing a camera.
Augmented Reality
The use of technology to generate large numbers of examination items by combining variable elements within a template or model designed by subject-matter experts.
Automatic Item Generation
Control over all essential credentialing decisions without being subject to approval by or undue influence from any other body or individual(s).
Autonomy
An inclination or preference that influences the treatment of candidates or a class of candidates in a manner that varies from the treatment of a reference population. See also “Fairness,” “Rater Bias,” and “Test Bias.”
Bias
An applicant who has fulfilled specified prerequisites establishing eligibility to participate in the credentialing process.
Candidate
An individual who has successfully completed the requirements of a certification program, who has earned the right to use the certification mark and continues to be authorized to use this mark by meeting ongoing recertification or maintenance of certification requirements.
Certificant
