Terminology 1 Flashcards
Physiology
Physiology is concerned with basic processes such as reproduction, growth, and metabolism as they occur within the various systems of the body. Physiology is the study of how all these parts function.
Anatomy
A branch of science that deals with structural organization of living things– How they are built and what they consist of.
Exercise physiology
Exercise physiology is concentrated to research specifically on how the body responds and adapts to the stresses placed on it by exercise.
Anatomical position
Portrays the body in an upright standing position face and feet pointing forward with the arms at the sides and the forums fully supinated.
Anatomical planes
Relate to positions in space and are at right angles to one another.
Frontal or Coronal plane
Is vertical and extends from one side of the body to the other side.
Transverse or horizontal plane
It is horizontal and divides the body into upper and lower segments.
Sagittal or median plane
Is vertical and extends from the front of the body to the back.
Anatomical axes
A series of imaginary lines used to describe the direction of movement at joints.
Horizontal axis
Extends from one side of the body to the other.
Longitudinal axis
Is vertical running from head to toe.
Antero – posterior axis
Extends from the front of the body to the back.
Flexion
The bending of a joint to reduce the angle between two or more bones. It occurs in the sagittal plane
Extension
Extension is straightening a joint to increase the angle. It also occurs in the sagittal plane.
Abduction
Is the movement away from the median plane. This movement occurs in the frontal plane.
Adduction
Is the opposite to abduction. It is movement toward the median plane.
Internal or medial rotation
Move limbs anterior surface medially or pivoting inwardly toward the midline.
External or lateral rotation
The opposite of internal rotation or pivoting outwardly away from the midline.
Circumduction
Is a circular motion combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Supination
The lateral rotation of the hand and forearm such that the palm faces forward as in the anatomical position.
Pronation
The medial rotation of the hand and forearm such that the palm faces backwards from the anatomical position.
Protraction
Moving in a forward direction.
Retraction
Moving in a backward direction.
Dorsiflexion
A movement of the ankle in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle between the foot and the shin.
Plantar flexion
Movement of the ankle in the sagittal plane that increases the angle between the foot and the shin.
Inversion
It occurs when the medial border of the foot is raised such that the sole of the foot is turned inward.
Eversion
It occurs when the lateral border of the foot is raised such that the sole of the foot is turned outward.
Elevation
Involve the raising up to a more superior position.
Depression
The opposite action to elevation, depression, involves the pulling down to a more inferior position.
Anterior or ventral
Refers the front surfaces of the body.
Posterior or dorsal
Refers to the back surfaces of the body.
Superior
Refers to the upward surfaces.
Inferior
Refers to downward surfaces.
Medial
Means toward the midline or towards the median plane.
Lateral
Means away from the midline or away from the median plane.
Proximal
Means toward the point of attachment of a limb to the body.
Distal
Means further away from the point of attachment of a limb to the body.
Superficial
Means on, or close to, the surface of the body.
Deep
Farther away from the surface of the body.
