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HIGHWAY ENGINEERING > Terminologies page 1-6 > Flashcards

Terminologies page 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

an express way is proposed for a road corridor under what situations?

A
  • A road corridor connecting several highly urbanized centers with ribbon-type of development of commercial, business and industrial establishment.
  • A road corridor with high traffic demand
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2
Q

roads continuous in extent that form part of the main trunk line system: all roads leading to national ports, national seaports, parks or coast-to-coast roads

A

National Roads

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3
Q

The elements to consider when planning Expressways are:

A
  • No frontage access;
  • Development set well back from the highway;
  • Grade separated intersections for extremely high flows and other intersecting expressways;
  • Number of intersections to be minimized and;
  • Where necessary or for emergency purposes, parking/stopping to be
    provided clear of the main carriageway
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4
Q

The elements to consider when planning National Roads are:

A
  • Limited frontage access
  • Development set well back from the highway
  • All access to premises provided via provincial roads
  • Number of intersections to be minimized
  • Suitable at-grade channelized intersections for minor flows and other elements
  • No roadside vendors
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5
Q

are roads connecting one municipality with another; all roads extending from a municipality or from a provincial or national roads to a public wharf or railway station; and any other road to be designated as such by the Sangguniang Panlalalwigan.

A

Provincial Roads

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6
Q

Main elements to consider when planning provincial roads

A

Limited frontage access.

Development set back from the highway;

Most development to be given access via intersections with local distributor roads:

All intersections will normally be at-grade;

Turning traffic should be separated out from the through traffic

Separated pedestrians/bikeways remote from the carriageway

Pedestrian crossing points should be clearly defined and controlled

Parking on the road should not be permitted

Bus stops and other loading areas

Regular stopping places for paratransit vehicles should be identified and safe stopping places established

No roadside vendors.

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7
Q
  • these roads / streets within the urban area of the city to be designated as such by the Sangguniang Panglungsod.
A

City Roads

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8
Q
  • these roads / streets within the poblacion area of a municipality to be designated as such by the Sungguniang Bayan.
A

Municipal Roads

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9
Q

Main paints to consider in planning City/Municipal roads are as follows:

A
  • The road is only for local traffic: through traffic is adequately accommodated an an alternative more direct main road;
    *Where possible, an industrial traffic route should not pass through a residential area;
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10
Q

Through crowded streets, approaching intersections at “blind corners”, passing school zones, passing other vehicles which are stationary, or for similar dangerous circumstances, the maximum speed for passenger cars, motorcycles, motor trucks and buses (SPEED)

A

20kph

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11
Q

High Risk Pedestrian Areas; on roads where there are no footpaths and pedestrians are required to walk on the road
(SPEED)

A

40kph

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12
Q

Low risk pedestrian areas (SPEED)

A

60 kph

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13
Q

speed limit would be appropriate on a high standard duplicated carriageway road where there is only occasional access from adjoining properties.

A

80kph

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14
Q

speed limit would only be appropriate on very high standard expressways, which have a low crash rate.

A

100 kph

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15
Q

speed limit may also be appropriate on lower standard expressways.

A

80kph or 90kph

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16
Q

is the maximum number of vehicles, which have a reasonable expectation of passing over a given section of a lane or a roadway in one direction or in both directions during one hour under prevailing road and traffic conditions

A

Road Capacity

17
Q

The capacity of a route can be affected by the following factors:

A

Number of Lanes:

Lane and shoulder width;

Terrain and road gradient;

Traffic composition:

Side friction such as the presence of road furniture and pedestrians;

Intersection capacity

18
Q

Ideal capacity of a road

A

2,000 vehicles/hour

19
Q

Vulnerable road users include: (4)

A

Pedestrians

People with disabilities

Non-motorized vehicles

Motorcycles

20
Q

minimum distances from the boundaries of intersecting roads when parallel parking

A

6m on both approach and exit sides

21
Q

minimum distances from the boundaries of intersecting roads when Angle parking

A

12m on approach side, 9m on exit side

22
Q

The first aim of safe road design is to ensure that road users remain safely on the road. This depends on the following factors:

A

a sound road surface:

an adequate width or cross-section;

horizontal and vertical alignment;

good visibility/sight distance;

delineation and signing:

provision for pedestrians, pedal cyclists and people with disabilities;

management of traffic conflicts at intersections:

and speed management

23
Q

Other aspects that could contribute to loss of control on curves are:
(AS, PSD, PSC)

A

Adverse superelevation;
Poor sight distance;
and Poor surface condition.

24
Q

The areas where the state of the road surface condition and good texture of the road surface is particularly important

A

areas where vehicles are required to brake or maneuver suddenly

(like: On the approach to traffic signals, At roundabouts, Around tight curves, On downhill slopes.)

25
Q

The provision of safety sight distance depends on the characteristics of (3)

A

the driver
(Alertness of driver
Recognition of the hazard
Actions available to the driver )

the vehicle
(Type of vehicle
Friction between the tire and the road
Eye height of the driver
Speed of vehicles)

the environment
(Road geometry - grade and curvature sight limitations
Road surface - sealed or unsealed, smooth or rough
Road illumination at night)

26
Q

Type of Sight Distance Elements
(DEH, OH, DSVT)

A

Driver Eye Height

Object Height

design speed and vehicle type

27
Q

The reaction time to be used for road safety design is ___

A

2.5 seconds.

27
Q

There are two components in stopping sight distance (ssd)

A

Reaction Distance, Braking Distance

27
Q

is the length of superelevation development from zero cross slope to full design superelevation (e).

A

Superelevation runoff (Sro)

27
Q

is the length of superelevation development from the normal cross slope to the zero cross slope paint on the tangent.

A

Tangent runout (Tro)

27
Q

Minimum K value vertical curves should be selected on the basis of three controlling factors:

A

Sight distance
Appearance
Riding comfort

27
Q

Four different criteria used for the establishment of sag vertical curves: (HSD, PC, DC, GA)

A

Headlight sight distance
Passenger comfort
Drainage control
General appearance

27
Q

is a valuable method of providing integrity of the pavement, width to place edgeline pavement markings, additional safety to prevent vehicles skidding drivers losing control in gravel, and low maintenance costs compared with unpaved shoulders.

A

Shoulder paving

27
Q

are suited for the edge of the traveled way where it is generally considered that drivers should not mount the curb or sidewalk. Used for areas where operating speeds are generally less than 60 kph and where parking of vehicles is allowed.

A

barrier curb types

27
Q

this curb type provide less vaulting of the errant vehicle on impact with the curb, less likelihood of the driver losing control and less damage to occupants of the vehicles compared to barrier curbs. Shall be used for all traffic islands, medians and the right side of the roadway where operating speeds are greater than 60 kph

A

The mountable / drop curb types

27
Q

essential part of any road that is not on fill and must be incorporated into the road cross section. These are designed to accommodate the expected rainfall but can often be hazardous to vehicles that run off the road.

A

Longitudinal drainage ditches

28
Q

in flat to rolling terrain are used to break up platoons of traffic and to improve traffic flow over a section of road. They provide positive overtaking opportunities and are sometimes the only real chance for overtaking to occur.

A

Overtaking lanes

28
Q

can be considered as a special form of overtaking lane but they are only provided on inclines.

A

Climbing lanes

28
Q

Four types of escape ramps:

A

Sand Pile

Descending Grade;

Horizontal Grade: and

Ascending Grade.

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING (10 decks)

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