Terminologies Flashcards
It is a removal of a specific antibody from a mixture of antibody using cell of known specificity
Absorption
It is a situation when the ABO forward typing result does not agree with the result in the backward typing
ABO discrepancy
It is the production of antibody after antigenic exposure or stimulation
Active immunization
These are chemical substances added to red cells to extend shelf life up to 42 days
Additive
It is a rare condition characterized by the absence of antibodies
Agammagloubulinemia
It is the clumping of particulate antigens with the corresponding specific antibody.
Agglutination
Antigen is red cell when clumping occurs it is called
Hemagglutination
Alternative form of a gene occupying a given locus
Allele
Process of collecting amniotic fluid
Amniocentesis
It is the albuminous fluid contained in amniotic sac that provides nutrients to the developing fetus
Amniotic fluid
Referred to as the “silent gene” that does not produce a detectable antigen. O gene
Amorph
It is also known as secondary immune response and it also refers to the production of antibody after secondary antigenic exposure
Anamnestic response
Severe allergic hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis
It occurs before birth
Antenatal
Also known as immunoglobulin, and it refers to protein substances that are secreted by plasma cells and are produced in response to antigenic stimulation
Antibody
Immune antibody against foreign antigen of the same species
Alloantibody
Antibody against own antigens
Autoantibody
The unexpected antibody, refers to the antibody other than the naturally occurring anti-A and anti-B
Atypical antibody
Isoantibodies referred to as anti-A and anti-B
Naturally occurring antibody
Antibody derived from single clone of antigen
Monoclonal antibody
Antibody derived from more than one antibody producing plasma cells
Polyclonal antibody
These are reagents used to enhance or speed up antigen-antibody reaction
Antibody potentiators
This is used to detect immune antibody other than the naturally occurring through the use of completely phenotyped group O cells
Antibody screening test
It is any foreign substance which when introduced to the body stimulates antibody production
Antigen
It describes the ability of a substance to illicit immune response
Antigenic
It is a table of phenotyped group O cells showing different antigen used to screen and identify immune antibody
Antigram
It is also known as Coomb’s serum and it also refers to a secondary antibody against human IgG or complement
Antihuman Globulin Reagent
It is also known as Coomb’s test, and it also refers to a method that uses antibodies directed against human globulins to aid in the detection of RBCs sensitized by IgG alloantibodies….
Antihuman Globulin test
Commercially prepared reagent containing antibody with known specificity
Antiserum
It is used to describe antigens controlled by a pair of allelic genes
Antithetical
Method of blood collection in which whole blood is withdrawn and processed.
Aphresis
Removal of platelet
Plateletpheresis
Removal of Leukocytes
Leukapheresis
Removal of plasma
Plasmapheresis
It is the process of antibody removal through the use of the patients own antigen
Autoabsorption
It is abbreviated as PS PR and it refers to the testing of the patients serum for antibody against his own red cells; employed to detect autoantibody
Autocontrol
It refers to the strength of antigen-antibody reaction as influenced by characteristic feature of the antigen and antibody
Avidity
Biological substances that will pose threat
Biohazard
It is an antibody with reactivity occurring at 2 phases
Biphasic hemolysin
Consists of a single bag or interconnected multiple bags with tubings used in blood donation
Blood bag
It is one of the major divisions in a hospital laboratory that provides see blood to patients…
Blood bank
They refer to different cellular and liquid compositions of blood separated by physical means
Blood components
It is a frozen plasma product that contains all clotting factors; usually administered to patients with clotting factor deficiencies other than hemophilia
Fresh frozen plasma
It is a red cell component prepared by separating the plasma from a whole blood unit
Packed RBC
They are platelets removed from unrefrigerated fresh whole blood and stored for transfusion
Platelet concentrate
It is a platelet concentrate containing at least 5.5x10^10 platelets obtained manually by centrifugation
Random platelet concentrate
It is a platelet concentrate containing about 3.0x10^11 platelets obtained by apheresis
Single platelet concentrate
It is a concentrated coagulated Factor VIII and Factor I (fibrinogen) extracted from fresh frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
It is a blood component which includes prothrombin complexes……indicated in trauma, liver disease… Improving coagulation stability
Factor concentrate
These are erythrocytes that are treated with cryoprotective reagent and subsequently kept in freezing temperatures
Frozen Red Cell
These are erythrocytes that are treated by a solution containing pyruvate, inosine, phosphate…..and ATP to at least normal levels
Rejuvenated Red Cell
It is the application of physical means such as refrigerated centrifugation to separate the different cellular and liquid compositions of whole blood
Blood Component Preparation
It is a manual blood component prep….. Within 24 hours
Open system
It is a blood component preparation…..usually makes use of refrigerated centrifuge.
Closed system
It is a filter device attached to a blood or blood component unit designed to retain unwanted cells,blood clots, or debris
Blood Filter
These are soluble antigens present in fluids that can be used to neutralize their corresponding antibodies. Blood group systems that demonstrate BGSSs are ABO, Lewis, and P
Blood Group Specific Soluble Substances
It is a system classifying blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the red blood cells
Blood Group System
The test used to determine the blood group system
Blood typing
It is the determination of red cell antigen through the use of antiserum of known specificity. Also known as red cell phenotyping
Forward/Direct/Cell Typing
It is the determination of serum or plasma antibodies using cell of known antigenic profile
Backward/Indirect/Serum typing
It is a device used to warming blood stored at refrigerator temperature of 4-6*C to body temperature before infusion
Blood warmer
It is the failure of an individual to express inherited A or B genes because of tea lack of H gene. Has anti-H serum.
Bombay phenotype (Oh)
It is a main soluble protein in the serum of the cattle that is often times used as an enzymatically inert protein or negative control
Bovine Serum Albumin
It is the most preferred method for cross matching that include 3 phases: immediate spin, Thermophase, AHG phase
Broad Spectrum Compatibility test
It is a condition producing two cell populations in an individual
Chimerism
It is a rare condition characterized by the difficulty of the phagocytic cells to generate superoxide radicals which is needed in killing ingested pathogens. A person with this condition suffers from recurrent supprative e bacterial and fungal infections
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
These are substances present in the plasma involved in clotting process
Coagulation factor
Fibrinogen
Factor 1
Prothrombin
Factor 2
Tissue factor
Factor 3
Calcium
Factor 4
Proaccelerin
Factor 5
Activated factor 5
Factor 6
Proconvertin
Factor 7
Antihemophillic factor A
Factor 8
Christmas factor
Factor 9
Stuart Prower factor
Factor 10
Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
Factor 11
Hageman factor
Factor 11
Fibrin-stabilizing factor
Factor 12
It is a sequence of three bases in a DNA strand that provides the genetic code for a specific amino acid
Codon
It is a batch of test which include ABO and Rh grouping, screening of serum for alloantibodies, and cross matching
Compatibility test
Serologically inactive when mixed
Compatible
It is a complex of plasma proteins
Complement
It is the transfusion of specific components rather than whole blood to treat the patient
Component therapy
They are antibody-coated cells used to confirm negative results obtained in direct and indirect Antihuman globulin tests
Coomb’s control
They are blood contains stem cells which are taken from the umbilical cord after childbirth
Cord cells
It is a computed value used to evaluate effectiveness of platelet transfusion
Corrected count increment
It is the process of exchange of genetic material between 2 homologous pairs of chromosomes
Crossing over
It is the testing of the patients blood against donors blood
Crossmatch
PS DR
Major Crossmatch
PR DS
Minor crossmatch
It is the process of mixing the recipients serum with donors red blood cells and centrifuging immediately
Immediate crossmatch
Crossmatch via computer
Computerized crossmatch
It is a type and screen coupled with immediate spin
Abbreviated crossmatch
These are substances that are added to erythrocytes to protect them against the harmful effects of freezing temperature
Cryoprotective agent
These are hidden receptors that may be exposed when normal erythrocytes membranes are altered by bacterial or viral enzymes
Cryptantigen
It is the process of removing glycerol from a unit of RBCs after thawing to return them to normal osmolality
Degylcerolization
These are frozen red cell whose glycerol has been removed by several washing
Deglycerolized red cell
It is a plasma expander that may be used as a substitute for plasma
Dextran
It is a genetic marker that is present in the child but absent in the mother and alleged father
Direct exclusion
It is a sulfhydryl compound used to break down disulfide bonds of IgM
Dithiotreitol DTT
It is a cryoprotectant used for hematopoietic progenitor cells
DMSO DiMethyl SulfOxide
It is a biphasic IgG specifically directed to anti-P found in patients with Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
Donath-Landsteiner antibody
It is the process of giving blood to a reciptient
Donation
This refers to an individual who give blood in a blood donation
Donor
It is the phenomenon whereby an antibody reacts more strongly with a red blood cell showing double dose of antigens than those with single dose
Dosage
It is a product of deliberate manipulation of a red cell suspension to break an immune complex with subsequent release of the antibody into the surrounding medium
Eluate
It is a substance capable of catalyzing a reaction.
Enzyme
Proteolytic enzyme obtained from the pineapple
Bromelin
Proteolytic enzyme obtained from the human intestine
Trypsin
Proteolytic enzyme obtained from the fig
Ficin
Proteolytic enzyme obtained from the papaya
Papain
It is the immunologic incompatibility between mother and fetus that can produce severe or fatal consequences
Erythroblastosis fetalis
It refers to the replacement of an infants coated RBCs with donor blood until one or two blood volumes are accomplished
Exchange transfusion
It refers to the activity where a person is likely to get foreign substances
Exposure
It is a transfusion reaction caused by leukoagglutins characterized by fever
Febrile reaction
It refers to the transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism
Fetalmaternal hemorrhage
It is a filamentous clot formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen
Fibrin
It is also referred to as plasmin; a substance that has the ability to dissolve fibrin
Fibrinolysin
It is the process of dissolving fibrin due to the action of fibrinolysin
Fibrinolysis
It is a type of large glycoprotein that is found on the surface of the cells and mediates cellular adhesion
Fibronectin
It is one of the five types of immunoglobulin known to be involved in immunity produced during the second immune response
Gamma globulin
It is a unit of inheritance within a chromosome
Gene
It is the term used to describe a pair of genes in which neither is dominant over. Both are expressed
Codominant
It is a term used to describe a gene that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen
Amorphic
One of two or more different genes that may occupy a specific locus on a chromosome
Allelic
It is a term used to describe a gene that is expressed if present
Dominant
Gene which is not expressed unless it is in the homozygous form
Recessive
Produces a repressor substance that inhibits an operator gene
Regulatory
A gene that suppresses the phenotypic expression of another gene
Suppressor
It is the specific place on a chromosome where gene is located
Gene locus
Cryoprotective reagent
Glycerol
Carbohydrate attached lipid
Glycolipid
It any of the several related proteins that can project through the thickness of the cell membrane of erythrocytes
Glycophorin
It is a molecule that consists of carbohydrate plus protein
Glycoprotein
It is a sphingolipid containing sugar glucose or galactose
Glycosphingolipid
It is an enzyme needed to attach to a specific sugar molecule to a predetermined acceptor molecule
Glycosyl transferase
It is an intense and frequently fatal immunologic reaction of engrafted cells against the host caused by the infusion of immunocompetent lymphocytes into individual with impaired immunity
Grafts vs host disease
Markedly decreased leukocytes in the blood
Granulocytopenia
These genes are close on the chromosome and inherited together by an individual
Haplotype
It is a very small substance to stimulate antibody production without attaching to a larger molecule
Hapten
It is a plasma protein which binds to hemoglobin following intravascular hemolysis
Haptoglobin
It is an increase in the volume of blood plasma resulting to reduced concentration of red blood cells
Hemodilution
It is a severe condition characterized by low RBC count resulting from destruction of circulating erythrocytes
Hemolytic anemia
It is a condition wherein the patient has shortened red blood cell survival associated with hemolysis mediated by humoral antibody
Immune hemolytic anemia
It refers to the continuous red blood cell destruction resulting to anemia due to the presence of autoantibodies directed against the patients own red blood cells
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
