Term3 Revision Test

Question 1

What is an adaptation?

Answer 1

A characteristic that helps a living organism survive in its environment .

Question 2

Adaptations may occur when there is a change in the…..

Answer 2

Structural
Behavioral
Functional characteristics of the animal

Question 3

What is a structural or physical adaptations

Answer 3

Special feature of the body eg beak of a bird adapted to eat certain food

Question 4

What is an example of a behavioral adaptation

Answer 4

Desert animals going underground to rest where it is cooler to escape the heat of the day

Question 5

Eg of functional adaptation

Answer 5

How body responds …eg sweat when hot to cool down..

Erica plant leaves are rolled under to reduce water loss

Question 6

What are adaptations?

Are they passed on?

Answer 6

Adaptations are how the animal has adapted to fit in with its environment …either by chance or accident.
Yes is passed on

Question 7

Differences in populations of animals are called

Answer 7

Variations

Question 8

Describe how variations are passed on

Answer 8

If a variation causes an animal to survive better, it is more likely to stay alive, have young, and pass that trait on to its young . The animal that does not have that variation may not survive because it cannot get enough food. It will not reproduce. There will be more animals with the variation that allowed it to survive

Question 9

What happens when there is a change in environment

Answer 9

Either the animal adapt or die

Question 10

When there is no more of a certain species that species is

Answer 10

Extinct

Question 11

Eg of extinct animal and why

Answer 11

Dodo flightless bird from Mauritius
No natural predators till sailors came
Ate eggs introduced rats and pigs
Dodo extinct

Question 12

Adaptations in plants

Answer 12

Hot dry conditions - succulents have thick leaves to keep in moisture
Watery conditions - water lilies have breathing pores on top of leaves to allow more oxygen in

Question 13

How is camel adapted to living in desert?

Answer 13

Thick eyelashes protect from sun and dust
Nostrils close to keep sand out
Hair lines ears to keep dust out
Hump on back is a fat store for when short on food
Thick fur provides insulation during cold nights in desert
Sand colored fur provides camouflage in desert
Broad flat pads under feet help camel spread weight on sand

Question 14

How have polar bears adapted to live in Arctic?

Answer 14

Thick layer of body fat insulates against the cold
Large paws distribute weight on the ice and snow
Fur on bottom of paws provide insulation and grip
Sharp claws and feet allow them to catch their prey
Thick white fur insulation and camouflage
Small ears reduce losing body heat.

Question 15

Predator adaptation

Answer 15

Shark and cheetahs have adapted to catch their prey

Question 16

Cheeta adaptations

Answer 16

Good eyesight
Run very fast for short distances
Camouflaged
Strong claws and teeth to grip and tear prey

Question 17

How have sharks adapted

Answer 17

Good sense of smell
Swim fast to catch prey
Steam,inked body shape and string tail to propel in water
Sharp teeth to hold prey and rip it by moving head side to side

Question 18

Name some methods that animals use to avoid predators

Answer 18

Mimicry - looks like another animal eg poisonous butterfly

Camouflage

Question 19

How are ecosystems destroyed by humans?

Answer 19

Human populations increase 
Use more resources
Ecosystems are lost
Species lose home and become extinct
Biodiversity decreases
Ecosystem balance becomes unbalanced

Question 20

Activities by humans that reduce biodiversity

Answer 20

Replacing natural habitats that are quite diverse with one single crop- monoculture
Over harvesting of plants or animals
Using pesticides to kill eg mosquitos…also effects
Polluting the environment with gases
Introducing an alien species into an environment

Question 21

What is conservation?

Answer 21

Wise management and use of natural resources that protects habitats and wildlife

Question 22

What processes do natural ecosystems carry out

Answer 22

1. Regulate the atmosphere and climate ( rainfall and temperature)
2. filter and clean retaining water
3. forms and improves quality of soil
4. provides homes to animals and insects that pollinate
5. recycling of wastes eg decomposes
6. production of wood, food and fuel

Question 23

What does sustainable use mean

Answer 23

Sustainable use means using resources in such a way that they are not depleted.( used up)
Eg not cutting down too many trees so that they don’t repopulate the area would mean depleting the resource.

Question 24

Ho do environmentalist conserve ecosystems?

Answer 24

1. They set apart large areas of land rich in biodiversity for conservation
2. Make laws against poaching, against collecting wild plants and against clearing land.

Question 25

What is alien vegetation

Answer 25

Plants that were introduced to an area from a different country of area . Does not belong there and changes the ecosystem

Question 26

Why does alien vegetation often take over indigenous vegetation?

Answer 26

It is already adapted to the same climate eg plant from Australia introduced to South Africa, but doesn’t have any predators in South Africa, so it grows out of control taking over the local plants

Question 27

How can we control alien vegetation?

Answer 27

Biological control- introducing the natural enemy of the plant to the Area . Need to do research as new animals change ecosystem.
Chemical control- poisons or pesticides - harms the environment and poisons enter soil
Mechanical control- burning cutting or uprooting the plant - very time consuming

A success is when a combination of all three is used and wood from the alien trees can be used to make firewood or furniture, creating jobs etc.

Question 28

What are wetlands?

Answer 28

Marshes,
Flood plains
Estuaries
Lakes

Question 29

What do wetlands do and why should they be protected?

Answer 29

Filter and clean water
Store water
Prevent flooding and soil erosion
Rich biodiversity - breeding ground for different animals
Grazing for farm animals
Recreation activities such as fishing and boating
Reeds used for thatching and weaving

Question 30

How can individuals contribute to conservation

Answer 30

Recycling - means less waste, which means less landfills necessary - energy consumption reduced - less damage to environment - raw materials are saved.

Organic waste can be collected and used as fertilizers for gardens.