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DH 110 Microbiology for the Dental Hygienist > Term Test 3 > Flashcards

Term Test 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe free floating bacteria

A
  • Planktonic bacteria

- Majority of research conducted with free floating bacteria

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2
Q

Describe attached bacteria

A
  • Bacteria that attach to other surfaces and each other

- More than 99% on earth

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3
Q

How can biofilms be destroyed?

A

Biofilms can be destroyed by wiping them or disrupting their attachment to a surface

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4
Q

What is currently the most effective infection control method for biofilm?

A

Physical removal is currently the most effective infection control method

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5
Q

Types of bacterial plaque biofilms

A
  • Supragingival: above gingival margin; plaque in direct contact with gingival margin; signicicant in gingivitis
  • Subgingival: below gingival margin; associated with periodontitis.
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6
Q

Perio pathogens are _____ NOT ______!

A

transmissible, contagious

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7
Q

Bacterial load found in HEALTHY gingiva:

A

1000-10,000 (10^3-10^4)

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8
Q

Bacterial load found in GINGIVITIS gingiva:

A

10^4-10^6

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9
Q

Bacteria found in chronic gingivitis consists of

A

equal portions gram+ and gram-

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10
Q

Bacteria associated with periodontitis

A

Enormous biofilm load of gram- bacteria

Load as large as 100,000 – over a million organisms

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11
Q

Chronic periodontitis is associated with…

A

high numbers of gram- anaerobic rods

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12
Q

More than ____ species have been isolated from perio pockets, but it is believed that only a small percentage are periodontal pathogens

A

1000!

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13
Q

Primary pathogens (three main bacterial pathogens)

A
  1. Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans (AA): gram-, facultative anaerobic rod
  2. Tennenella forsythus (bacteroides): gram-, anaerobic rod
  3. Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG): gram-, anaerobic short rod
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14
Q

Secondary pathogens (7 but only need to know these three…)

A
  1. Fusobacterium nucleatum: gram- anaerobic rod
  2. Prevotella intermedia: gram- anaerobic rod
  3. Treponema denticolla: gram- anaerobic spirochete
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15
Q

_____, ______, and _______ are all proven invaders of the host tissue cells.

A

AA, porhphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticolla.

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16
Q

Factors that influence caries production in the oral cavity

A
  1. Cariogenic bacteria
  2. Substrate for acid production
  3. Susceptible host (a person with teeth)
  4. Interval (in which sugar is consumed) – most important!
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17
Q

Normal mouth pH is ___ and falls to ____ when snacking (sugar is consumed)

A

7, 3.5

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18
Q

________ remains the main substrate for cariogenic bacteria.

A

Sucrose

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19
Q

Cariogenic bacteria (two types)…

A
  1. Acidogenic: produce acid

2. Aciduric: only tolerates acidic environment. Acid must be produced along with a low pH for a long period of time.

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20
Q

Streptococci

A
  • Most common
  • Require hard surfaces to attach
  • The higher sucrose in a diet, the more proliferant the S. mutans
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21
Q

Lactobacilli

A

Plays an important role in caries progression

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22
Q

HOST-ORAL BACTERIA RELATIONSHIP

The host is…

A

The person, the oral cavity, or the tooth and its surrounding structures.

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23
Q

In healthy people, the bacteria or _________ live in a ________ relationship with the host.

A

microorganisms, harmonious

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24
Q

When the host is compromised by ______, ______, _______, etc., the bacteria become ______.

A

disease, trauma, diet changes.

pathogenic.

25
Q

Why might a female develop a vaginal infection?

A

Due to stress, diet changes, or trauma.

26
Q

How many species of bacteria can be found in the human mouth?

A
  1. (34-72 most people have).
27
Q

NON-SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (NSPH)

Is this an old or a new theory?

A

Old.

28
Q

NON-SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (NSPH)

According to this theory, how many types of plaque are there?

A

One.

29
Q

NON-SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (NSPH)
The NSPH is based on having a ________ mouth. Is this possible in
humans? _____! Plaque develops in retentive areas and if plaque accumulates, ___________ will occur.

A

germ-free, NO!,

caries or PD disease

30
Q

NON-SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (NSPH)

According to the NSPH does it matter that there are _____ species of bacteria in the human mouth? ___. Why?

A

1000
No
We should mechanically remove it.

31
Q

CONTROLLING DISEASE ACCORDING TO THE NON-SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (NSPH)
Based on this theory, how do you control the development of caries and periodontal
disease?

A

Reduction of bacterial mass (through mechanical debridement) scaling polishing brushing flossing.

32
Q

CONTROLLING DISEASE ACCORDING TO THE NON-SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (NSPH)
Johnny is your client, and you are seeing him for a recall appointment. He has four new caries and the same type of build-up of a lot of interproximal plaque as his last appointment. According to the Non-specific Plaque Hypothesis, why does Johnny have four new caries?

A

Because of the accumulation of plaque, therefore creating acids and toxins, he is not brushing and flossing regularly.

33
Q

CONTROLLING DISEASE ACCORDING TO THE NON-SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (NSPH)
What would you tell Johnny to do in order to prevent further caries?

Why would you tell him this?

A

Brush and floss.

To remove plaque accumulation which causes caries.

34
Q

SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (SPH)

Is the bacteria the same in a healthy mouth and a diseased mouth?

A

No.

35
Q

SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (SPH)

Therefore, there are more than ___ types of plaque.

A

1

36
Q

SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (SPH)

The Specific Plaque Hypothesis states that there are ___ types of plaque.

A

3

37
Q

SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (SPH)

The types of plaque are:

A
  1. Non-disease associated plaque (biofilm)
  2. Caries-associated plaque
  3. Periodontal disease-associated plaque
38
Q

SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (SPH)

How many species of bacteria can be found in the human mouth?

A

1000.!

39
Q

SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (SPH)
Do all people have all these species?

What do they know now?

A

no

Bacterial composition varies site to site.

40
Q

SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS (SPH)

How does this information relate to the Specific Plaque Hypothesis?

A

Different bacteria leads to different problems.

41
Q

NON-DISEASE ASSOCIATED PLAQUE
This plaque is present in _____ mouth. This type of plaque is associated with a _____ prevalence of ______ and _________ over a period of years if the person ________ removes the plaque regularly and doesn’t have ______ happen that will upset the _____ relationship.

A

everyones

low

caries

minimal periodontal bone loss

mechcanically

anything

harmonious

42
Q

NON-DISEASE ASSOCIATED PLAQUE

Some ways in which the balance can be upset are:

A

Exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, Diet changes, eating disorders, stress, illness, Diabetes, Pregnancy, Xerostomia, Drugs.

43
Q

CARIES ASSOCIATED PLAQUE

What will cause non-disease associated plaque to become caries associated plaque?

The balance of host and bacteria is now _______.

A

Frequently ingesting surcrose (ecpessily is the sticky form).

compromised.

44
Q

PERIODONTALLY ASSOCIATED PLAQUE
What will cause non-disease associated plaque to become periodontally-associated plaque?

The balance of host and bacteria is now _______.

A

Stress.

Compromised.

45
Q

CONTROLLING DISEASE ACCORDING TO THE SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS
Research has confirmed that plaque from healthy sites and diseased sites is _______________.

A

Biochemically and biologically different.

46
Q

CONTROLLING DISEASE ACCORDING TO THE SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS
List some ways you would try to control caries or periodontal disease based on the Specific Plaque Hypothesis:

A

Drugs, rinses, fluoride, restrict sugars, pit and fissure sealants, periodontal surgery.

47
Q

CONTROLLING DISEASE ACCORDING TO THE SPECIFIC PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS
Based on this theory, how do you control the development of caries and periodontal disease?:

A

A specific pathogen must be iraddicated or destroyed.

48
Q

What agent is used for standard general prophylaxis?

A

Amoxicillin or Cephalexin

49
Q

If a patient requires prophylaxis prior to dental treatment, how much Amoxicillin or Cephalexin should a client take prior to dental treatment?

A

2.0 g orally

50
Q

If a patient requires prophylaxis prior to dental treatment, how long prior to dental treatment should Amoxicillin or Cephalexin be taken?

A

30-60 minutes prior to procedure

51
Q

If the client has a penicillin allergy, what agent would you prescribe them?

A

Clindamycin

52
Q

If a patient requires prophylaxis prior to dental treatment, how much Clindamycin should a client take prior to dental treatment?

A

600 mg orally

IF CLIENT IS UNABLE TO TAKE ORAL PILLS THEN THEY CAN DO THE SAME AMOUNT ADMINISTERED WITH IV 30-60 MINUTES PRIOR TO DENTAL TREATMENT.

53
Q

If a patient requires prophylaxis prior to dental treatment, how long prior to dental treatment should Clindamycin be taken?

A

30-60 minutes

54
Q

If patient is unable to take oral medications and DOES NOT have a penicillin allergy what antibiotic should they take?

A

Ampicillin
or
Cefazolin

55
Q

If a patient requires prophylaxis prior to dental treatment, how much Ampicillin should a client take prior to dental treatment?

A

2.0 g IM or IV

56
Q

If a patient requires prophylaxis prior to dental treatment, how long prior to dental treatment should Ampicillin be taken?

A

30-60 minutes

57
Q

If a patient requires prophylaxis prior to dental treatment, how much Cefazolin should a client take prior to dental treatment?

A

1.0 g IM or IV

58
Q

If a patient requires prophylaxis prior to dental treatment, how long prior to dental treatment should Cefazolin be taken?

A

30-60 minutes

59
Q

What procedures require antibiotics prior to treatment?

A

Any procedures that might induce bleeding.

DH 110 Microbiology for the Dental Hygienist (2 decks)

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